Table 2

Quality Appraisal of Included Studies Using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort Studiesa
Study Answer to the Following Critical Appraisal Question:
Were the 2 Groups Similar and Recruited From
Same Population? 		Were the Exposures Measured Similarly to Assign People
to Both Exposed and Unexposed Groups? 		Was Exposure Measured in Valid and Reliable
Way? 		Were Confounding Factors Identified? Were Strategies to Deal With Confounding Factors Stated? Were Groups/Participants Free of Outcome at Start of Study (or at Moment of Exposure)? Were
Outcomes Measured in Valid and Reliable Way? 		Was Follow-up Time Reported and Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur? Was Follow-up Complete and, If Not, Were Reasons for Loss to Follow-up Described and Explored? Were Strategies to Address Incomplete Follow-up Used? Was
Appropriate Statistical Analysis Used?
Carey et al (1995)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNoUnclearYes
Sundararajan et al (1998)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNoUnclearYes
Liliedahl et al (2010)UnclearYesYesNoUnclearYesYesYesN/AN/AUnclear
Henschke et al (2013)UnclearYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesUnclearYes
Fritz et al (2015)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AN/AYes
Fritz et al (2016)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AN/AYes
Frogner et al (2018)UnclearYesYesNoUnclearNoYesYesN/AN/AYes
Azad et al (2019)UnclearYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AN/AYes
Kazis et al (2019)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AN/AYes
O’Reilly-Jacob et al (2019)YesYesUnclearYesYesYesYesN/AN/AN/AYes
Garrity et al (2020)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AN/AYes
aJBI = Joanna Briggs Institute; N/A = not applicable.