TABLE 4
Average telomere length according to intake of selected micronutrients from foods1
| All women2 (n = 581) | Multivitamin nonusers3 (n = 203) | |||||
| Quartile 14 | Quartile 44 | P for trend5 | Quartile 14 | Quartile 44 | P for trend5 | |
| Vitamin A (IU) | 38456 | 13,160 | 3508 | 11,273 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5399 ± 115 | 5527 ± 117 | 0.3 | 5230 ± 171 | 5674 ± 167 | 0.008 |
| β-carotene (μg) | 1168 | 5323 | 1052 | 4708 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5463 ± 115 | 5549 ± 117 | 0.4 | 5120 ± 174 | 5484 ± 164 | 0.045 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 42 | 153 | 38 | 134 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5340 ± 115 | 5683 ± 113 | 0.03 | 4945 ± 173 | 5701 ± 153 | 0.002 |
| Vitamin E (α-TE) | 6.1 | 12 | 5.7 | 12 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5311 ± 115 | 5672 ± 118 | 0.004 | 5134 ± 161 | 5533 ± 173 | 0.03 |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg) | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.7 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5434 ± 112 | 5625 ± 117 | 0.3 | 5308 ± 159 | 5300 ± 164 | 0.8 |
| Vitamin B-12 (μg) | 1.8 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.6 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5574 ± 108 | 5611 ± 116 | 0.8 | 5317 ± 159 | 5414 ± 171 | 0.6 |
| Folate (μg) | 201 | 401 | 181 | 388 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5371 ± 115 | 5530 ± 117 | 0.4 | 5091 ± 175 | 5586 ± 162 | 0.02 |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 50 | 250 | 42 | 215 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5606 ± 110 | 5591 ± 114 | 0.8 | 5389 ± 157 | 5537 ± 164 | 0.3 |
| Calcium (mg) | 366 | 931 | 331 | 824 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5549 ± 110 | 5520 ± 116 | 0.9 | 5187 ± 165 | 5583 ± 163 | 0.06 |
| Selenium (μg) | 54 | 92 | 51 | 90 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5518 ± 110 | 5574 ± 116 | 0.8 | 5264 ± 163 | 5563 ± 163 | 0.1 |
| Iron (mg) | 7.6 | 14 | 6.9 | 14 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5511 ± 111 | 5605 ± 119 | 0.7 | 5365 ± 176 | 5367 ± 162 | 0.9 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 165 | 304 | 154 | 273 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5382 ± 113 | 5572 ± 118 | 0.1 | 5183 ± 167 | 5603 ± 172 | 0.04 |
| Zinc (mg) | 6.4 | 12 | 5.7 | 12 | ||
| Lsmean ± SE | 5504 ± 114 | 5576 ± 116 | 0.6 | 5292 ± 162 | 5480 ± 168 | 0.2 |
2The analysis among all women was adjusted for age, race, BMI, education level, cigarette smoking, presence of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, energy intake, perceived stress level, self-reported health status, physical activity, and multivitamin use.
3The analysis among multivitamin nonusers was adjusted as for all women, except for multivitamin use.
4Each quartile represents ≈25% of the study participants: quartile 1, the lowest 25%, and quartile 4, the highest 25%.
5Tested by including the median of each category as a continuous variable in the regression model.
6Median (all such values).