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Table 1

Comparison of Studies Against the Recommended Outcome Criteria

AuthorsRisser 0-2Initial CobbCobb at Risser 5% >6° Corr% ±5°% >6° ProgProg >50°Tx Risser 0-4Tx Risser 5 for 5 y
Manipulation Only
Jaszewski and Sorbara10NRYesNRNAYesNANANRNA
Khauv and Dickholtz11NRYesNRNAYesNANRNA
Chung and Salminen12NRYesNRNAYesNANANRNA
Chen and Chiu13NRYesNRNAYesNANANoNA
Chen and Lantz14NRYesNRNoNoNoNoNRNA
Chiropractic Bracing
Waldrop et al15YesYesNRYesNANANANRNA
Morningstar16NRYesNRYesYesYesNRNRNR
Morningstar et al17NRYesNRYesYesYesNRNRNR

Exercises Only
Golembiewski and Catanzaro18NRYesNRNRNRNRNRNRNR
Lewis et al19NAYesNANRYesNRNRNRNR

Manipulation + Bracing
Rowe et al20YesYesNRNRNRNRNRNRNA
Morningstar21YesYesNRNRNRNRNRNRNA
Manipulation + Traction
Stitzel et al23NRYesNRNRNRNRNRNRNA

Manipulation + Exercise
Fedorchuk et al24NRYesNRNRNRNRNRNRNA
Nektalov25NAYesNANANANANANANR
Jones26NRYesNRNANANANANRNA
Ray et al27NAYesNANANANANANANR
Bowler and Conlen29YesYesNRNANANANANRNA
Blum31NAYesNANANANANANANR
Morningstar et al32NRYesNRNANANANANRNR
Morningstar and Joy33NAYesNANANANANANANR
Morningstar and Strauchman34NAYesNANANANANANANR
Morningstar et al35, 36NAYesNANANANANANANR
Morningstar37NAYesNANANANANANANR
Morningstar38NoYesYesNANANANANoNR
Dovorany et al39NRYesYesNANANANAYesNR
Morningstar et al40NRYesNRNANANANANoNR
Villafane et al41NRYesNRNANANANANRNR
% ±5°, percentage of patients whose Cobb angle stabilized within ±5°; % >6° Corr, percentage of patients whose Cobb angle improved by ≥6°; % >6° Prog, percentage of patients whose Cobb angle progressed by ≥6°; Cobb at Risser5, Cobb angle at skeletal maturity; Initial Cobb, initial Cobb angle (ie, Cobb between 10° and 30°, >30°, and >50°); NA, not applicable to study; NR, not reported in study; Prog >50°, percentage of patients whose curves progressed >50°; Risser 0-2, Risser stage (baseline should be Risser 0–2); Tx Risser 0-4, skeletally immature patients managed through end of growth; Tx Risser 5 for 5 y, skeletally mature patients managed for at least 5 years.