Chiropractic Forensics Library
William Cockburn,D.C.


Fraudulent Practices

by William Cockburn, D.C.
Diplomate Forensic Examiner

THIS POST SHOULD BE READ CAREFULLY BY ALL LIST MEMBERS INVOLVED  IN PERSONAL INJURY - WORKERS COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE BILLING PRACTICES....

Illegal referrals or Postal Fraud? That is the question.

In the Whitter Daily News, November 27, 1996 the headline reads, "Sentence

Given in IRS Case - Chiropractor gets 21 months in Prison.

The case involves Chiropractor Chongsu Kim of San Marino California who

plead guilty to paying illegal kickbacks to attorneys in a ONE YEAR STING

operation wherein an undercover Federal agent was planted in his office

acting as "office administrator", and was given money to pay kickbacks to

lawyers for referral. As a result of the investigation, Kim was also

charged with concealing 1.6 million in income from the Internal Revenue Service.

Kim's wife, is also charged and pending sentencing May 5, 1997.

The new story goes on to say that:

"About a dozen more doctors, lawyers and administrators are expected to be

charged in connection with the case."

READ BETWEEN THE LINES. Ask yourself the following question: Why is Kim

only doing 21 months for this leve lof criminal activity? Did he plea

bargain to give up his co-conspirators? Was he naive, listening to the

advise of attorneys who may have told him this was all OK? Is he a criminal

or just foolish?

Due to the recent publication of the fraud accusations against former ICA

president Dr. Gregg and others relating to procurement and referral for

diagnostic services, there is a need to inform the chiropractic community

about such operations. Many, MANY D.C.'s who are pure minded and honest

hard working clinicians could be involved in similar operations without a

clue that they are under investigation.

The following case from my personal file is of great significance in this

regard. A few years ago, I was the Academic Dean of Physicians Academy in

Dallas, Texas. Physicians Academy is a one year postgraduate course of

study in advanced clinical concepts and diagnostics.

I received a telephone call from a chiropractor who had three clinics.

High personal injury volume, very successful and a great treating doctor.

The reason that he enrolled at Physicians Academy was his desire to learn

more about objective evidence to validate his patients need for care.

He bought all the diagnostic devices available. Thermography, digitizing,

SEMG, Dynatron Muscle testing etc. He took an additional step however, one

I thought unique. He also hired representative doctors from each of these

companies to come and personally train his doctors and staff on each of the

pieces of equipment.

He told the staff doctors at these workshops, that it was their own

discretion to use the equipment as they best saw benefit to their patients

and that the manufacturers "REPS" were there to insure that the medical

necessity and outcome of the procedures were matched correctly to the

individual patient, and that the procedures were performed and interpreted

correctly.

I was duly impressed.

At Physicians Academy, a nightly round table was held for new and

established academy members. I participated in literally dozens of these

round table meetings. The purpose of theses discussions were for doctors to

meet, discuss problems and collectively come up with solutions in a wide

variety of clinical and administrative and legal dilemnas. Ethics and

advancement of chiropractic were paramount to such discussions.

At these meeting, I heard the doctor time and time again, discuss how he

had implemented these procedures, trained his doctors and how he was now

"beating" the unfair IME reviewers who worked for the insurance companies.

His passion for this was not based on his ability to increase his income

(obviously he did however), but clearly he was angered by outside insurance

biased doctors, denyng his patients access to needed care, and now he felt

he had the clinical tools to "prove" such need for treatment and to

demonstrate outcome of treatment.

Now, the phone call. He was under a disciplinary complaint for unnecessary

usage and overutilization of diagnostic tests. Physicians Academy had

recommended that I as the Academic Dean, provide testimony to the board on

these outcome assessment based devices. I agreed.

I knew trouble was brewing when I arrived and learned that the board had

been "interviewing" the doctors junior staff and that they had apparenty

ignored the hundreds of pages of documentation the doctor had provided on

his procedures. An article in the nespaper also caught my attention, an

article concerning the tremendously high "insurance premiums" being charged

to policy holders due to automobile accidents, and the need for tort reform.

The disciplinary hearing was a kangaroo court if I ever saw one. The board

protested to my giving testimony on the "diagnostic procedures" because I

was not licensed in that state. (?) The arguments made by the board about

the procedures demonstrated a factual lack of basis, and indeed ignorance.

Finally, I was allowed to give testimony following the steadfast demands of

the doctors attorney and indeed the boards attorney who recommended that

they should consider the testimony of an expert who was also involved in the

teaching and application of the very procedures the doctor was accused of

overutilizing. I gave my tetimony, answered all the boards questions, and

the hearing was over.

An interesting comment was made by the boards attorney on adjourning the

hearing. What we seem to be dealing with here is an old school board

confronted with new and developing technologies. I recommend prior to any

futher actions being taken on this doctors license, that due consideration

be given to the testimony presented to the board. (paraphrased).

Once outside, the doctor proclaimed, "We beat them. It's over, Lets eat!"

I couldn't help but blurt out, "If you think this thing is over you got a

big shock in store for you." I went on, "You are under an investigation,

a microscope. You'd better pray that your office is Squeeky Clean. I

helped you out with the basis of the procedures, and we proved our point to

be sure, but this thing is not over. There is a bigger picture here. This

state is under pressure to reform the tort system. Your board is under

pressure. You are the highest profile doctor in this state and your sir,

are a target."

He blew me off and we had a quiet and somewhat tense dinner. The next

morning he asked me if I would mind staying an extra day and review some of

his office records. Especially the records of the "green" DC's in his

clinic. As this was part of my consulting practice, I agreed.

How many do you want me to pull? he asked. Ten from each of the four

doctors, I responded. I'll have them ready for you when you get here, he

said. He was clearly apprehensive but he knew instinctually that my harsh

tone the night before was born of genuine concern.

Holy Molly-What a mess. To put it briefly, the records were virtually

identical, blueprint and inadequate. About the only thing in the records

that were accurate and reliable were the test results. I told him that I

needed to come back and do some training in records keeping and office

procedures, he and his administrator (also his wife-also later charged with

him) agreed. This was the one area in which they had slipped.

On my return visit, I was at the airport with a warm hug and a big

breakfast. I was handed a newspaper, "Hey Bill, look at this, what a

joke" he said. Well, needless to say, the article was once again about the

scam personal injury industry and the participation of doctors, lawyers,

ambulance drivers and tow truck operators. The poor citizenry of the state

were being milked out of millions. The only corporation, agency or

individual named in this article, you guessed it the Chiropractor.

"This is no (expletive deleted) Joke", I told him. You are in big trouble

here and you better wipe that (expletive deleted again) grin off your face

and call your (expletive deleted one more time) attorney,

Again he blew it off, minimizing his reality to the exposure. Well, when we

got to the office, a popular magazine was handed to me by a concerned

staffer. The article had a full page picture of a fat, red faced, evil

grinning, cigar smoking male. The title of the article "Wham Bam the

Insurance Scam"

Again, this doctor was the only individual or corporation mentioned.

Further, the board had come out with a new policy statement on high tech

diagnostics, basically they were in the opinion of the board, not medically

indicated. The claim was that all of this objective technology was too

costly and provided data that your fingers and yours eyes already new.

Objections were raised by numerous chiropractors that this was never an

official board position, but one promulgated solely by the chairman of the

board, a major IME reviewer for an insurance company that "our doctor" had

successfully sued for non payement to the tune of some $600,000. No proof

of this allegation was to the best of my knowledge ever provided.

An emergency meeting "seminar" was scheduled with the clinical staff. The

doctor in question could not attend, so the meeting was taped for his

benefit and review. Patients were cancelled, doors were closed and the

meeting began. The wife\administrator began the meeting with a statement as

to the recent inquiries with the board and the need for frankness and brutal

honesty right NOW! Dr. Cockburn she said, is nationally known for his

ethics and his techniques. We need him and we need for you to be totally up

front with us about any concerns you may have.

Well, the next three to four hours was a veritable blood bath of mis

conceptions, mis communications and primordial fear on the part of these

young clinicians. They freely voiced concerns about the way they were

practicing, the way they had been interviewed, the doubts they had about

chiropractic methods. The bad press. The comments by their patients.

When errors in their records keeping were pointed out to them, they skirted

the issue and said thats the way we were trained to do it in school. I

remember asking them, It is a state law that you take blood pressures on all

your patients. In the records I reviewed not one of you has ever done a BP.

Is that how you were trained in school? One of the green doctors said, gee

I guess not and the doctor even provides us with stethoscopes and stuff !

I went ballistic. "It is your job as clinicians to do what is best for the

patient regardless of the administration of this office, the board or anyone

else, I told them. You have to do what is right. If you don't understand a

procedure or disagre with its utilization you need to raise objections, ask

questions and get clear on what it is you are doing. It is your license

that may be in peril otherwise, not the license of this clinician you should

be concerned with. If you don't do this, then get out of this office and

get out of the profession, I said. How can you possibly pretend to work and

support a clinic that is one of the most advanced in the counrty and then

claim that you don't agree with virtually all of the clinics policies? Are

you just here for a pay check?

The administerator and her assistant were in shock. I told them later, the

microscope is being finely tuned. Someone has gotten to these kids and they

are scared to death.

I believe that the tapes of this session were eventually a god send in

reducing many of the charges in the case, in keeping the wife out of prison

and pointing towards the bigger issue. I received a subpoena delivered by

an FBI agent to testify for the prosecution. Quite an interesting

experience, let me tell you. Once the tapes became known, I was suddenly

dropped from the witness list. Curious?

Getting the big picture yet?

Ultimately. after about two years, the doctor plea-bargained in the federal

courts and is now doing time in federal prison. The offer was for 15

months. His wife did not serve time, his ultimate objective.

Were the cards stacked? Was he guilty of a crime? Was he lead down the

primrose path by ruthless personal injury attorneys? Was the board corrupt?

Should he have not sued the insurance company for these diagnostic procedure

no pays? Should he have listened more carefully to his inner - self?

Should he have paid closer attention to his "greens"? Did he just get fat

and sloppy?

I do not know. We may never know. One thing is for sure, this man is one

of my best friends. He became my friend by fighting through this ordeal

together. I know his beliefs. I know his intention. There is a lot in

this case against him that smells of very foul play.

Regardless, he is in jail. That is the truth of it. Fair or unfair, he is

there.

On a recent consultation to a young, energetic and bright DC, the very

opposite was found. He is a cash practitioner, subluxation based. His

records were to say the least, "lacking"

He told me very casually and confidently, "my practice consultant says

because I only detect and correct the vertebral subluxation, I don't have to

worry about those medical tests (SOTO-HALL, FORAMINA COMPRESSION, DTR'S

????) But he does have the occasional personal injury case and workers comp

case, and sure, even though he has the occassional Medicare and Blue Cross

case, he relies on his attorney "friends" to tell him what to do.

Living, walking, talking Oxymoron? Foolish? Threatened for sure. It took

only five minutes on a casual "hoody do" welcome to the community meeting to

determine that he too, may be under a microscope and may fall victim to the

political ladder climbing of prosecutors.

While the case of Dr. Kim at the beginning of this post appears to be a

legitimate, well investigated and appropriate indictment of criminal

activity, other innocent D.C.'s will surely fall if they don't take some

effort to get help and determine if their office protocols, regardless of

how simple or complex, are "Squeeky-Clean" It is far too easy in this

complex and fast paced world for any of us to know it all.

Please, monitor your state journals and newspapers and follow the trend in

your area. Make sure that you listen to "self" and the inherent red flags

that are raised within you when you are not sure about something you are

doing. Practice managers are great for patient recruitment and staff

training, but in this day and age, they will drop you like a rock at the

first sign of legal trouble.

William Cockburn, D.C., F.I.A.C.T., B.C.F.E.

Diplomate Forensic Examiner

docbill@earthlink.net "Truth Comes From Within"


Main    Goals    Definitions    Legal    FAQ    Objective DX    Library    Related Sites