Diabetic Neuropathy
and Omega-3 Fatty Acids

	Long-term Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Serum Lipids in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 1996;   10 (5):   280–287 The results of this study suggest that EPA-E has significant beneficial effects on diabetic neuropathy and serum lipids as well as other diabetic complications such as nephropathy and macroangiopathy.
	Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy with Gamma-linolenic Acid. The Gamma-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group Diabetes Care 1993 (Jan);   16 (1):   8–15 We entered 111 patients with mild diabetic neuropathy from seven centers into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study of GLA at a dose of 480 mg/day. MNCV, SNAP, CMAP, hot and cold thresholds, sensation, tendon reflexes, and muscle strength were assessed by standard tests in upper and lower limbs.
	The Use of Gamma-linolenic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy Agents Actions Suppl 1992;   37:   120–44 EF4 is an entirely new approach to the management of diabetic neuropathy. EF4 (providing gamma-linolenic acid or gamolenic acid, GLA) has been shown to reverse existing diabetic neuropathy in trials in seven centres. Diabetic animals and humans have a reduced ability to convert dietary linoleic acid to GLA.
	Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Visual Loss in Infant Rhesus Monkeys J Clin Invest 1984 (Jan);   73 (1):   272–6 These results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be an essential nutrient, and that 22:6 omega 3 may have a specific function in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina.