Table 3.  Improvement in primary outcome measures after 52 weeks Outcome measure Mean (SD) effects Difference (95% CI) Manual therapy Physiotherapy General practitioner care Manual therapy v physiotherapy Manual therapy v general practitioner care Physiotherapy v general practitioner care Perceived recovery 71.7 (43) 62.7 (37) 56.3 (36) 9.0 (7.9 to 25.8) 15.4 (1.3 to 32.1)  6.5 (10.9 to 23.8) Pain intensity* 4.2 (2.4) 3.1 (2.9) 4.1 (2.9) 1.2 (0.1 to 2.1) 0.1 (0.8 to 1.1) 1.0 (2.0 to 0.002) Functional disability* 7.2 (7.5) 6.3 (8.0) 8.5 (7.4) 0.9 (1.9 to 3.6) 1.4 (4.1 to 1.3) 2.2 (5.0 to 0.5) Utility 0.82 (0.13) 0.79 (0.14) 0.77 (0.16) 0.03 (0.04 to 0.09) 0.05 (0.01 to 0.11) 0.02 (0.04 to 0.09) * Differences in mean effects within each intervention between baseline and 52 weeks.