Table 2

Global, regional, and GBD location-specific life expectancy and HALE at birth, by sex, in 1990, 2006, and 2016

1990, at birth
2006, at birth
2016, at birth
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Life expectancyHALELife expectancyHALELife expectancyHALELife expectancyHALELife expectancyHALELife expectancyHALE
Global67·57 (67·33–67·77)58·42 (55·80–60·77)62·70 (62·42–62·99)55·38 (53·27–57·31)71·44 (71·25–71·65)61·73 (58·91–64·21)66·35 (66·05–66·63)58·51 (56·27–60·55)75·33 (74·95–75·64)64·91 (61·88–67·54)69·79 (69·29–70·22)61·42 (59·01–63·58)
High SDI79·15 (79·05–79·24)68·23 (65·08–71·02)72·32 (72·21–72·44)63·82 (61·37–66·00)82·13 (82·06–82·21)70·61 (67·28–73·57)76·32 (76·23–76·41)66·98 (64·32–69·32)83·37 (83·18–83·57)71·49 (68·03–74·53)78·06 (77·81–78·29)68·33 (65·60–70·82)
High-middle SDI73·54 (73·16–73·92)63·64 (60·78–66·23)66·44 (65·99–66·90)58·73 (56·43–60·76)76·76 (76·39–77·11)66·53 (63·49–69·12)69·36 (68·83–69·82)61·45 (59·13–63·51)79·86 (78·65–80·80)68·96 (65·69–71·84)73·12 (72·09–74·05)64·57 (62·03–67·04)
Middle SDI68·75 (68·41–69·09)60·16 (57·68–62·37)64·15 (63·79–64·50)57·36 (55·31–59·11)73·67 (73·45–73·88)64·32 (61·62–66·73)68·32 (68·06–68·58)60·95 (58·80–62·90)77·28 (76·99–77·57)67·19 (64·26–69·70)71·06 (70·68–71·40)63·21 (60·91–65·16)
Low-middle SDI60·39 (59·94–60·81)51·69 (49·11–53·94)58·41 (57·92–58·90)51·03 (48·92–52·98)65·55 (65·17–65·94)56·12 (53·36–58·47)62·39 (61·93–62·85)54·51 (52·29–56·57)70·26 (69·74–70·74)60·11 (57·16–62·70)66·25 (65·64–66·79)57·90 (55·43–60·03)
Low SDI53·71 (53·24–54·20)46·18 (43·95–48·11)51·14 (50·52–51·75)44·45 (42·48–46·30)57·62 (57·12–58·15)49·75 (47·41–51·86)55·98 (55·32–56·59)48·81 (46·70–50·76)64·10 (63·33–64·82)55·44 (52·83–57·79)61·63 (60·68–62·52)53·86 (51·50–56·11)
High income79·34 (79·24–79·43)68·40 (65·23–71·19)72·64 (72·54–72·75)64·15 (61·70–66·33)82·31 (82·23–82·38)70·76 (67·43–73·73)76·62 (76·52–76·70)67·29 (64·63–69·64)83·48 (83·28–83·67)71·61 (68·12–74·66)78·27 (78·04–78·49)68·58 (65·82–71·06)
High-income North America79·04 (78·94–79·13)67·67 (64·44–70·61)72·15 (72·03–72·26)63·25 (60·75–65·49)80·67 (80·58–80·76)68·83 (65·45–71·90)75·63 (75·54–75·74)65·87 (63·11–68·29)81·50 (81·28–81·72)69·34 (65·86–72·43)76·79 (76·54–77·04)66·71 (63·87–69·21)
Canada80·64 (80·33–80·93)69·83 (66·72–72·67)74·23 (73·91–74·55)65·75 (63·26–67·95)82·75 (82·46–83·01)71·51 (68·28–74·46)78·10 (77·84–78·42)68·86 (66·17–71·23)83·89 (83·49–84·30)72·30 (69·00–75·27)79·76 (79·30–80·22)70·04 (67·23–72·61)
Greenland66·09 (64·72–67·48)57·28 (54·54–59·83)57·74 (56·27–59·11)51·39 (49·21–53·48)68·78 (67·50–70·02)59·52 (56·78–62·08)65·08 (63·83–66·20)57·69 (55·47–59·79)72·82 (70·37–75·59)62·90 (59·41–66·12)67·80 (64·69–70·64)60·03 (56·88–63·34)
USA78·87 (78·77–78·98)67·45 (64·20–70·42)71·93 (71·81–72·05)62·99 (60·48–65·23)80·45 (80·35–80·54)68·54 (65·16–71·62)75·37 (75·26–75·48)65·54 (62·79–67·99)81·23 (80·99–81·46)69·01 (65·50–72·12)76·45 (76·19–76·73)66·34 (63·49–68·86)
Australasia79·85 (79·63–80·08)68·90 (65·74–71·70)73·76 (73·52–74·00)64·95 (62·38–67·23)83·32 (83·13–83·52)71·69 (68·27–74·72)78·76 (78·55–78·99)69·05 (66·22–71·56)84·39 (83·80–84·99)72·55 (69·07–75·61)80·32 (79·63–81·02)70·28 (67·38–72·83)
Australia80·11 (79·87–80·39)69·11 (65·92–71·94)73·97 (73·69–74·25)65·10 (62·51–67·40)83·58 (83·35–83·80)71·88 (68·45–74·96)78·93 (78·68–79·19)69·17 (66·31–71·70)84·58 (83·84–85·27)72·70 (69·18–75·75)80·48 (79·67–81·21)70·38 (67·51–72·95)
New Zealand78·55 (78·18–78·89)67·90 (64·78–70·66)72·73 (72·38–73·08)64·24 (61·75–66·50)82·05 (81·73–82·34)70·75 (67·40–73·65)77·93 (77·60–78·25)68·50 (65·75–70·98)83·40 (82·25–84·62)71·83 (68·56–74·89)79·55 (78·27–80·83)69·78 (66·84–72·44)
High-income Asia Pacific80·68 (80·38–80·95)70·30 (67·29–73·05)74·10 (73·68–74·48)65·82 (63·48–67·98)84·95 (84·70–85·18)73·64 (70·34–76·57)78·06 (77·75–78·37)68·88 (66·28–71·30)86·42 (85·62–87·09)74·70 (71·14–77·75)80·07 (79·10–80·94)70·47 (67·66–73·06)
Brunei75·39 (73·88–76·73)65·61 (62·70–68·40)71·68 (70·69–72·82)63·24 (60·71–65·65)78·90 (77·93–79·65)68·72 (65·74–71·51)74·64 (73·89–75·45)65·84 (63·47–68·18)79·48 (77·79–81·73)69·34 (66·13–72·26)74·56 (72·51–77·34)65·84 (62·82–68·69)
Japan81·81 (81·76–81·85)71·31 (68·26–74·00)75·91 (75·86–75·96)67·45 (65·01–69·60)85·57 (85·51–85·64)74·20 (70·86–77·10)78·76 (78·71–78·81)69·51 (66·85–71·84)86·94 (86·73–87·16)75·10 (71·59–78·08)80·83 (80·57–81·08)71·11 (68·36–73·60)
Singapore78·10 (76·47–79·73)68·51 (65·44–71·31)72·86 (71·33–74·39)65·11 (62·52–67·52)83·71 (82·39–84·98)73·34 (70·20–76·23)78·55 (77·18–79·92)69·99 (67·44–72·54)86·08 (83·92–88·42)75·16 (71·85–78·57)81·26 (78·75–83·67)72·01 (68·76–75·05)
South Korea76·33 (74·99–77·68)66·56 (63·56–69·48)67·74 (66·18–69·33)60·30 (57·86–62·70)82·11 (81·07–83·18)71·18 (67·93–74·18)75·48 (74·23–76·96)66·63 (64·01–69·40)84·22 (81·22–87·13)72·97 (68·98–76·74)77·67 (74·32–81·52)68·49 (64·84–72·03)
Western Europe79·50 (79·34–79·65)68·49 (65·28–71·34)72·94 (72·77–73·11)64·52 (62·05–66·70)82·79 (82·66–82·92)71·24 (67·89–74·22)77·24 (77·10–77·39)68·07 (65·41–70·45)84·10 (83·84–84·38)72·27 (68·78–75·35)79·21 (78·90–79·49)69·69 (66·89–72·13)
Andorra82·80 (80·33–85·33)70·60 (66·75–74·37)76·19 (73·96–78·77)66·81 (63·64–70·01)85·95 (83·76–87·60)73·11 (69·15–76·73)79·16 (77·43–80·82)69·25 (65·99–72·17)85·77 (82·96–87·69)73·03 (69·09–76·68)79·33 (77·41–81·92)69·42 (66·07–72·49)
Austria78·86 (78·61–79·12)68·23 (65·16–71·00)72·15 (71·87–72·41)63·91 (61·49–66·04)82·53 (82·30–82·75)71·30 (68·06–74·20)77·00 (76·74–77·24)67·80 (65·05–70·15)83·85 (83·20–84·52)72·24 (68·88–75·30)79·12 (78·50–79·87)69·55 (66·69–72·18)
Belgium79·26 (78·82–79·66)68·29 (65·15–71·13)72·65 (72·14–73·14)64·27 (61·68–66·46)82·17 (81·80–82·56)70·29 (66·89–73·26)76·57 (76·13–77·01)67·17 (64·45–69·56)83·37 (82·33–84·52)71·40 (67·92–74·49)78·42 (77·24–79·54)68·80 (65·77–71·49)
Cyprus76·97 (76·52–77·41)66·64 (63·65–69·30)72·89 (72·36–73·42)64·67 (62·30–66·83)81·02 (80·57–81·48)69·93 (66·72–72·78)76·30 (75·77–76·81)67·41 (64·75–69·72)82·82 (82·27–83·36)71·45 (68·14–74·43)78·12 (77·46–78·82)68·97 (66·28–71·45)
Denmark77·96 (77·13–78·75)67·14 (64·04–70·04)72·44 (71·66–73·31)64·02 (61·53–66·33)80·55 (79·78–81·31)69·19 (65·95–72·08)76·12 (75·38–76·89)66·84 (64·10–69·41)82·85 (81·51–84·23)70·83 (67·40–74·11)78·79 (77·31–80·14)68·92 (66·08–71·68)
Finland79·00 (78·66–79·33)67·73 (64·43–70·69)70·97 (70·60–71·34)62·36 (59·81–64·66)82·59 (82·27–82·88)70·51 (66·95–73·66)75·68 (75·31–76·06)66·02 (63·18–68·51)84·58 (83·85–85·41)72·21 (68·52–75·49)78·85 (77·95–79·76)68·81 (65·95–71·54)
France81·22 (80·93–81·50)69·93 (66·71–72·84)73·09 (72·73–73·46)64·82 (62·36–66·98)84·09 (83·78–84·36)72·51 (69·07–75·52)77·11 (76·77–77·52)68·28 (65·62–70·59)85·39 (84·85–85·99)73·42 (69·88–76·59)79·20 (78·58–79·84)69·93 (67·19–72·37)
Germany78·53 (77·95–79·07)67·63 (64·42–70·49)72·04 (71·38–72·70)63·62 (61·19–65·80)82·13 (81·67–82·62)70·57 (67·24–73·61)76·67 (76·12–77·27)67·43 (64·78–69·89)83·34 (82·47–84·29)71·52 (68·00–74·73)78·47 (77·44–79·52)68·90 (66·03–71·51)
Greece79·54 (79·22–79·86)68·72 (65·64–71·45)74·48 (74·11–74·88)66·03 (63·54–68·20)82·64 (82·36–82·92)71·22 (67·96–74·12)77·11 (76·75–77·46)68·17 (65·55–70·47)83·50 (82·77–84·25)72·02 (68·77–75·06)78·43 (77·45–79·46)69·22 (66·58–71·70)
Iceland80·41 (79·80–81·00)69·17 (65·92–72·04)75·68 (75·14–76·24)66·75 (64·15–69·07)83·15 (82·53–83·81)71·45 (68·04–74·44)79·55 (79·05–80·05)69·93 (67·10–72·36)83·99 (82·92–85·02)72·17 (68·76–75·31)80·56 (79·65–81·40)70·79 (67·97–73·50)
Ireland77·64 (77·03–78·27)67·08 (63·98–69·89)72·18 (71·58–72·85)63·93 (61·51–66·08)81·54 (80·95–82·14)70·17 (66·93–73·15)76·97 (76·34–77·55)67·74 (65·08–70·24)83·33 (81·96–84·72)71·59 (68·10–74·73)78·97 (77·45–80·41)69·34 (66·29–72·10)
Israel77·55 (76·40–78·64)67·25 (64·05–70·06)74·11 (73·01–75·34)65·62 (63·00–68·01)81·96 (80·91–83·03)70·70 (67·35–73·75)77·60 (76·42–78·76)68·37 (65·55–71·00)84·14 (82·16–85·93)72·46 (68·90–75·73)80·03 (77·74–82·35)70·37 (67·28–73·45)
Italy80·26 (80·02–80·51)69·20 (66·00–72·03)73·69 (73·41–73·97)65·23 (62·77–67·52)83·75 (83·51–83·96)72·24 (68·85–75·22)78·24 (77·97–78·51)69·07 (66·42–71·48)84·62 (83·96–85·28)72·93 (69·56–76·04)79·92 (79·14–80·69)70·48 (67·66–72·99)
Luxembourg78·49 (77·99–78·99)67·27 (63·97–70·15)71·77 (71·28–72·25)63·07 (60·55–65·33)82·91 (82·40–83·38)70·86 (67·36–73·97)77·78 (77·29–78·27)67·96 (65·12–70·51)83·89 (82·76–85·25)71·72 (68·23–74·88)80·27 (79·11–81·45)70·13 (67·02–72·92)
Malta77·78 (76·65–78·88)67·36 (64·26–70·34)73·69 (72·64–74·75)65·33 (62·75–67·78)81·65 (80·63–82·66)70·51 (67·17–73·48)77·15 (76·16–78·14)68·10 (65·44–70·44)83·83 (82·07–85·79)72·16 (68·59–75·60)79·04 (77·13–81·02)69·70 (66·63–72·57)
Netherlands80·09 (79·62–80·59)68·69 (65·39–71·61)73·87 (73·37–74·35)65·23 (62·77–67·50)81·91 (81·47–82·33)70·14 (66·76–73·22)77·65 (77·23–78·12)68·24 (65·57–70·67)83·61 (82·62–84·52)71·53 (67·93–74·73)79·63 (78·57–80·58)69·85 (67·02–72·51)
Norway80·06 (79·58–80·53)69·28 (66·16–72·13)73·63 (73·13–74·20)65·00 (62·42–67·32)82·62 (82·16–83·03)71·46 (68·27–74·40)78·08 (77·63–78·52)68·58 (65·80–71·04)84·10 (82·90–85·35)72·67 (69·39–75·72)80·07 (78·99–81·28)70·29 (67·42–73·13)
Portugal77·88 (77·56–78·20)67·18 (64·16–70·00)70·74 (70·33–71·13)62·69 (60·23–64·73)82·14 (81·79–82·47)70·72 (67·42–73·65)75·35 (74·92–75·78)66·65 (64·07–68·98)84·03 (83·35–84·77)72·27 (68·81–75·39)77·76 (76·94–78·65)68·65 (65·82–71·07)
Spain80·63 (80·44–80·83)69·85 (66·61–72·64)73·59 (73·33–73·86)65·44 (63·01–67·60)84·03 (83·84–84·19)72·75 (69·43–75·70)77·60 (77·37–77·82)68·86 (66·28–71·16)85·59 (85·13–86·05)73·98 (70·65–77·05)80·28 (79·67–80·83)71·20 (68·55–73·64)
Sweden80·43 (80·06–80·79)68·95 (65·54–71·97)74·85 (74·47–75·27)66·02 (63·36–68·35)82·83 (82·53–83·14)70·85 (67·42–73·87)78·66 (78·30–78·99)69·03 (66·24–71·48)83·96 (82·63–85·19)71·69 (68·22–75·14)80·13 (78·83–81·40)70·06 (66·89–72·76)
Switzerland80·87 (80·18–81·52)69·16 (65·79–72·25)74·01 (73·23–74·76)65·09 (62·45–67·47)83·77 (83·16–84·33)71·23 (67·55–74·56)78·98 (78·26–79·69)68·95 (66·07–71·59)85·23 (82·61–87·65)72·86 (68·72–76·47)81·01 (78·06–83·61)70·96 (67·24–74·23)
UK78·47 (78·35–78·61)67·45 (64·27–70·31)72·85 (72·72–72·98)64·24 (61·72–66·47)81·48 (81·36–81·62)69·89 (66·55–72·82)77·17 (77·04–77·29)67·68 (64·93–70·16)82·86 (82·65–83·07)70·97 (67·58–74·07)78·92 (78·71–79·13)69·11 (66·28–71·60)
England78·69 (78·60–78·78)67·57 (64·37–70·43)73·12 (73·03–73·21)64·43 (61·91–66·67)81·72 (81·63–81·81)70·01 (66·66–73·02)77·47 (77·38–77·57)67·89 (65·12–70·36)83·11 (82·96–83·25)71·12 (67·68–74·16)79·24 (79·09–79·38)69·35 (66·49–71·87)
Northern Ireland77·86 (76·97–78·86)67·25 (64·19–70·16)71·89 (70·92–72·94)63·72 (61·27–65·96)81·13 (80·33–82·04)69·82 (66·50–72·92)76·24 (75·24–77·20)67·16 (64·47–69·69)82·42 (80·83–83·98)70·89 (67·48–74·17)77·85 (76·04–79·70)68·48 (65·52–71·38)
Scotland76·82 (75·91–77·71)66·36 (63·34–69·05)70·91 (69·99–71·81)62·73 (60·22–65·05)79·71 (78·83–80·64)68·79 (65·75–71·68)74·88 (73·94–75·77)65·93 (63·25–68·37)81·19 (79·67–82·62)69·85 (66·62–73·15)76·88 (75·38–78·37)67·50 (64·51–70·41)
Wales78·36 (77·53–79·18)67·60 (64·53–70·42)72·57 (71·70–73·35)64·21 (61·67–66·48)81·17 (80·50–81·98)70·03 (66·82–73·00)76·81 (75·88–77·63)67·61 (64·93–70·14)82·21 (80·81–83·50)70·78 (67·46–73·99)77·93 (76·40–79·41)68·50 (65·45–71·32)
Southern Latin America76·13 (75·77–76·51)66·19 (63·23–68·81)68·97 (68·53–69·40)61·19 (58·93–63·23)79·48 (79·14–79·86)68·97 (65·87–71·78)72·79 (72·37–73·22)64·40 (62·02–66·62)80·88 (79·86–81·84)70·09 (66·75–72·91)74·36 (73·26–75·41)65·72 (63·11–68·16)
Argentina75·75 (75·29–76·26)65·95 (63·01–68·56)68·54 (68·00–69·07)60·85 (58·59–62·95)78·76 (78·29–79·23)68·49 (65·47–71·24)71·82 (71·27–72·35)63·67 (61·27–65·87)79·99 (79·07–80·94)69·45 (66·22–72·26)73·31 (72·28–74·38)64·91 (62·40–67·25)
Chile76·84 (76·09–77·67)66·46 (63·38–69·30)70·19 (69·28–71·14)62·03 (59·52–64·35)81·54 (80·87–82·23)70·29 (67·00–73·23)75·82 (75·07–76·66)66·64 (63·96–69·06)83·19 (80·15–86·14)71·75 (67·58–75·74)77·28 (73·98–80·51)67·98 (64·16–71·77)
Uruguay76·50 (76·12–76·91)66·84 (63·99–69·27)69·10 (68·67–69·52)61·72 (59·57–63·65)79·58 (79·19–79·94)69·39 (66·41–71·92)72·02 (71·61–72·46)64·20 (61·87–66·23)81·08 (80·22–81·94)70·49 (67·40–73·37)73·45 (72·58–74·37)65·28 (62·78–67·50)
Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia73·62 (73·15–74·08)63·68 (60·79–66·31)64·56 (63·90–65·19)56·76 (54·42–58·84)74·26 (73·67–74·80)64·48 (61·53–67·03)63·87 (63·03–64·67)56·45 (54·24–58·54)77·22 (75·05–78·94)66·83 (63·42–69·95)68·17 (66·08–70·23)59·99 (57·07–62·92)
Eastern Europe74·39 (73·62–75·17)64·24 (61·30–67·02)64·17 (63·08–65·26)56·40 (54·03–58·61)73·71 (72·78–74·57)64·01 (61·00–66·60)61·30 (59·98–62·59)54·31 (52·14–56·50)76·64 (73·16–79·74)66·36 (62·34–70·18)66·07 (62·56–69·75)58·32 (54·75–62·09)
Belarus75·42 (74·82–76·01)65·14 (62·14–67·87)65·70 (64·92–66·48)57·89 (55·55–60·12)75·38 (74·79–75·96)65·33 (62·38–67·97)63·34 (62·55–64·18)56·18 (53·89–58·22)78·76 (76·56–81·04)67·94 (64·17–71·31)68·18 (65·61–70·84)60·07 (56·96–63·14)
Estonia75·26 (74·76–75·78)64·68 (61·52–67·39)64·84 (64·18–65·52)56·91 (54·53–59·04)78·54 (78·03–79·08)67·67 (64·52–70·51)67·68 (66·99–68·32)59·59 (57·26–61·84)81·79 (80·70–83·50)70·24 (66·74–73·49)72·96 (71·30–74·75)63·79 (60·86–66·60)
Latvia74·65 (74·03–75·21)64·20 (61·13–66·92)64·27 (63·36–65·20)56·36 (53·96–58·53)75·93 (75·33–76·57)65·68 (62·67–68·35)64·98 (64·20–65·77)57·45 (55·16–59·55)79·79 (78·21–81·34)68·63 (65·36–71·88)69·96 (68·13–72·10)61·53 (58·62–64·29)
Lithuania76·37 (75·92–76·81)65·66 (62·50–68·43)66·40 (65·75–67·05)58·20 (55·89–60·35)77·25 (76·78–77·69)66·55 (63·41–69·39)65·08 (64·46–65·73)57·47 (55·20–59·56)80·35 (79·43–81·33)69·08 (65·80–72·07)69·74 (68·57–70·95)61·15 (58·32–63·59)
Moldova70·79 (69·73–71·89)61·25 (58·46–63·91)63·58 (62·30–65·03)56·05 (53·64–58·31)72·79 (71·81–73·84)63·39 (60·49–66·05)65·05 (63·70–66·39)57·81 (55·42–60·17)76·14 (74·59–77·77)66·07 (62·90–69·03)68·27 (66·56–70·28)60·43 (57·66–63·22)
Russia74·30 (73·15–75·53)64·17 (61·24–67·09)63·68 (62·12–65·35)55·93 (53·49–58·36)73·46 (72·10–74·72)63·81 (60·78–66·50)60·62 (58·76–62·48)53·67 (51·21–56·11)76·24 (71·41–80·77)66·09 (61·24–70·37)65·39 (60·82–70·72)57·78 (53·22–62·52)
Ukraine74·59 (73·87–75·29)64·44 (61·53–67·12)65·17 (64·23–66·02)57·37 (54·94–59·57)73·73 (73·02–74·47)64·05 (61·13–66·66)62·11 (61·14–63·17)55·18 (53·00–57·24)76·98 (73·53–80·45)66·71 (62·72–70·66)67·03 (63·32–71·46)59·28 (55·74–63·20)
Central Europe74·78 (74·56–74·99)64·82 (61·91–67·34)67·20 (66·93–67·47)59·01 (56·59–61·15)78·06 (77·86–78·26)67·66 (64·65–70·33)70·72 (70·48–70·96)62·05 (59·48–64·26)80·26 (79·81–80·73)69·37 (66·15–72·15)73·46 (72·92–74·01)64·18 (61·51–66·52)
Albania76·80 (76·16–77·40)66·70 (63·79–69·40)70·99 (70·33–71·57)62·37 (59·85–64·70)77·77 (77·25–78·26)67·82 (64·84–70·51)72·54 (71·95–73·05)63·92 (61·30–66·25)80·73 (79·37–82·15)70·09 (67·00–73·06)74·70 (73·12–76·39)65·64 (62·73–68·36)
Bosnia and Herzegovina75·13 (73·76–76·67)65·36 (62·38–68·11)69·04 (67·54–70·60)60·82 (58·20–63·58)78·49 (77·21–79·85)68·19 (65·07–71·10)73·34 (71·84–74·76)64·16 (61·33–66·77)80·22 (78·35–82·06)69·40 (66·06–72·61)74·92 (73·02–76·90)65·25 (62·10–68·20)
Bulgaria74·75 (74·36–75·12)65·12 (62·33–67·64)68·21 (67·75–68·62)59·90 (57·43–62·08)76·38 (76·03–76·73)66·65 (63·83–69·18)69·21 (68·75–69·66)61·13 (58·74–63·22)78·48 (76·47–80·36)68·23 (64·85–71·41)71·66 (69·55–73·90)63·05 (60·16–66·08)
Croatia76·05 (75·15–76·92)66·16 (63·16–68·86)68·33 (67·25–69·54)60·18 (57·73–62·48)78·93 (78·19–79·66)68·66 (65·57–71·40)71·76 (70·89–72·70)63·07 (60·52–65·48)80·48 (79·01–82·09)69·84 (66·51–72·81)74·18 (72·61–76·00)64·97 (62·11–67·80)
Czech Republic75·56 (75·29–75·80)65·19 (62·16–67·81)68·09 (67·77–68·40)59·76 (57·30–61·86)79·71 (79·42–79·96)68·54 (65·33–71·43)73·32 (73·01–73·66)63·79 (61·01–66·25)81·89 (81·28–82·51)70·17 (66·63–73·22)76·25 (75·52–76·95)65·99 (62·86–68·76)
Hungary73·86 (73·19–74·59)63·70 (60·67–66·39)65·29 (64·49–66·12)57·37 (55·04–59·60)77·51 (76·87–78·17)66·99 (64·02–69·86)69·15 (68·34–69·98)60·82 (58·29–63·12)79·08 (77·74–80·34)68·25 (65·05–71·40)72·24 (70·72–73·89)63·29 (60·37–66·06)
Macedonia72·90 (72·13–73·66)63·75 (61·00–66·39)68·25 (67·47–69·07)60·33 (57·97–62·57)75·51 (74·84–76·21)66·07 (63·33–68·61)70·72 (70·05–71·46)62·54 (60·07–64·69)77·38 (76·62–78·14)67·46 (64·51–70·11)72·36 (71·51–73·31)63·78 (61·12–66·12)
Montenegro77·78 (76·60–78·77)67·53 (64·55–70·39)72·15 (70·99–73·33)63·20 (60·35–65·67)78·22 (77·57–78·80)68·03 (64·91–70·75)72·32 (71·56–73·15)63·53 (60·90–65·94)79·74 (78·74–81·20)69·19 (65·84–72·36)74·35 (73·14–75·51)65·09 (62·29–67·77)
Poland75·45 (75·00–75·89)65·44 (62·51–68·02)66·52 (65·99–67·14)58·50 (56·18–60·68)79·51 (79·12–79·95)68·82 (65·68–71·57)71·08 (70·52–71·66)62·28 (59·68–64·58)81·70 (80·62–82·78)70·53 (67·24–73·68)74·08 (72·83–75·37)64·61 (61·82–67·22)
Romania73·19 (72·61–73·78)63·48 (60·52–66·01)66·61 (65·86–67·30)58·28 (55·79–60·54)76·46 (75·89–77·05)66·33 (63·40–69·05)69·22 (68·56–69·89)60·81 (58·29–63·07)78·88 (77·68–80·08)68·33 (65·15–71·19)71·66 (70·14–73·15)62·82 (60·01–65·52)
Serbia75·57 (74·59–76·72)65·60 (62·61–68·47)69·62 (68·54–70·89)61·20 (58·60–63·73)76·21 (75·52–76·87)66·32 (63·47–68·92)70·89 (70·13–71·71)62·34 (59·78–64·74)78·78 (78·14–79·39)68·21 (65·12–70·93)73·03 (72·20–73·92)63·93 (61·27–66·40)
Slovakia75·40 (74·92–75·91)65·48 (62·55–68·09)66·74 (66·12–67·40)58·67 (56·21–60·75)78·32 (77·86–78·82)68·02 (65·01–70·67)70·47 (69·87–71·01)61·80 (59·17–64·11)80·39 (79·07–81·78)69·59 (66·48–72·65)73·43 (71·87–75·05)64·10 (61·10–66·96)
Slovenia77·54 (76·57–78·53)66·71 (63·55–69·70)69·54 (68·45–70·81)60·68 (57·92–63·14)81·53 (80·68–82·48)69·77 (66·41–72·88)74·22 (73·07–75·34)64·26 (61·17–67·11)83·82 (82·53–85·29)71·49 (67·82–74·79)77·82 (76·19–79·51)67·16 (63·87–70·44)
Central Asia70·96 (70·47–71·43)61·67 (58·93–64·15)63·41 (62·78–64·01)56·13 (53·81–58·15)71·21 (70·56–71·85)62·21 (59·51–64·62)63·14 (62·28–63·98)56·21 (54·16–58·20)75·11 (74·09–76·00)65·35 (62·41–68·00)67·50 (66·36–68·69)59·80 (57·45–62·23)
Armenia73·65 (72·86–74·55)64·21 (61·39–66·67)66·84 (65·87–67·83)58·93 (56·53–61·07)75·86 (75·06–76·62)66·28 (63·53–68·81)69·04 (68·00–70·04)61·17 (58·69–63·40)79·32 (77·99–80·71)69·06 (65·86–71·81)71·97 (70·46–73·52)63·59 (60·90–66·11)
Azerbaijan70·14 (68·89–71·42)61·29 (58·55–63·91)62·31 (60·84–63·68)55·45 (53·04–57·80)71·21 (69·75–72·64)62·51 (59·64–65·19)64·79 (63·25–66·29)57·83 (55·48–60·13)75·80 (73·51–77·94)66·17 (62·90–69·11)68·41 (65·71–71·21)60·78 (57·79–63·89)
Georgia73·69 (72·60–74·77)64·60 (61·82–67·19)65·44 (64·13–66·83)58·19 (55·77–60·33)77·15 (76·33–77·91)67·50 (64·60–70·01)67·75 (66·57–68·93)60·39 (57·98–62·58)78·83 (76·59–81·37)68·78 (65·53–71·92)69·07 (66·20–72·20)61·32 (58·06–64·46)
Kazakhstan72·57 (71·28–73·83)62·91 (59·93–65·60)63·02 (61·42–64·78)55·66 (52·95–58·03)70·91 (69·54–72·39)61·82 (58·83–64·44)59·58 (57·80–61·41)52·99 (50·58–55·46)76·18 (73·87–78·50)66·04 (62·70–69·28)67·14 (64·13–69·98)59·19 (56·00–62·47)
Kyrgyzstan70·12 (69·47–70·74)60·78 (58·04–63·25)61·84 (61·08–62·69)54·55 (52·38–56·53)70·78 (70·19–71·40)61·83 (59·15–64·16)62·51 (61·72–63·27)55·63 (53·46–57·56)74·95 (73·75–76·12)65·15 (62·22–67·95)67·51 (66·07–68·99)59·76 (57·08–62·16)
Mongolia65·20 (63·76–66·84)57·09 (54·37–59·60)59·84 (58·18–61·22)53·18 (50·89–55·48)68·78 (67·56–69·88)60·40 (57·70–62·78)60·23 (58·86–61·76)53·67 (51·52–55·83)73·04 (71·09–75·10)63·80 (60·59–66·78)63·65 (61·39–65·84)56·38 (53·52–59·08)
Tajikistan67·42 (65·76–69·13)58·79 (56·10–61·55)62·44 (60·73–64·21)55·20 (52·77–57·69)70·35 (68·77–71·80)61·69 (58·89–64·26)65·68 (64·11–67·36)58·31 (55·63–60·71)74·34 (72·42–76·08)64·95 (61·89–67·79)69·41 (67·10–71·52)61·41 (58·46–64·17)
Turkmenistan67·10 (66·05–68·06)58·73 (55·99–61·13)60·29 (59·01–61·58)53·72 (51·34–55·90)69·90 (68·65–71·06)61·43 (58·65–63·85)61·78 (60·32–63·14)55·19 (52·77–57·37)74·00 (72·71–75·15)64·86 (62·01–67·41)66·48 (65·09–67·80)59·26 (56·77–61·54)
Uzbekistan71·30 (70·34–72·21)61·69 (58·72–64·34)65·26 (64·22–66·31)57·73 (55·40–60·00)70·16 (68·96–71·38)61·23 (58·40–63·90)64·02 (62·34–65·56)57·06 (54·76–59·46)73·50 (71·85–75·16)63·99 (60·85–66·87)67·08 (65·28–68·84)59·63 (56·99–62·15)
Latin America and Caribbean72·68 (72·47–72·88)63·19 (60·37–65·62)66·44 (66·15–66·70)58·85 (56·56–60·86)77·02 (76·79–77·24)66·87 (63·91–69·49)70·87 (70·59–71·12)62·65 (60·25–64·80)78·89 (78·44–79·29)68·50 (65·36–71·17)72·75 (72·23–73·22)64·24 (61·68–66·39)
Central Latin America74·27 (74·01–74·52)64·94 (62·15–67·38)68·10 (67·78–68·43)60·43 (58·05–62·41)77·98 (77·72–78·24)68·23 (65·34–70·75)72·07 (71·74–72·39)63·97 (61·57–66·13)79·44 (78·96–79·94)69·42 (66·40–71·99)73·58 (72·90–74·21)65·21 (62·67–67·40)
Colombia75·14 (74·65–75·61)65·94 (63·10–68·39)67·62 (67·02–68·16)60·35 (58·03–62·34)78·34 (77·93–78·75)68·76 (65·91–71·28)72·04 (71·54–72·55)64·29 (61·90–66·41)81·05 (79·95–82·12)71·08 (68·06–73·83)75·42 (74·17–76·72)67·08 (64·50–69·48)
Costa Rica78·90 (78·33–79·44)69·10 (66·16–71·74)74·24 (73·67–74·83)66·15 (63·73–68·37)82·16 (81·63–82·63)71·73 (68·60–74·44)77·09 (76·50–77·68)68·42 (65·76–70·84)83·57 (82·65–84·51)72·85 (69·62–75·81)78·47 (77·41–79·58)69·52 (66·66–72·08)
El Salvador72·47 (71·78–73·20)63·57 (60·78–66·00)63·87 (62·97–64·87)56·75 (54·59–58·80)77·36 (76·76–78·00)67·83 (64·98–70·32)69·32 (68·50–70·20)61·47 (59·00–63·74)79·07 (77·61–80·53)69·30 (66·19–72·15)71·46 (69·33–73·45)63·36 (60·64–66·09)
Guatemala66·49 (64·79–68·38)58·05 (55·25–60·73)62·75 (60·95–65·05)55·37 (52·93–58·14)73·75 (71·64–75·73)64·16 (60·86–67·31)66·57 (64·06–69·21)58·78 (55·71–61·97)76·03 (72·36–79·77)66·34 (62·24–70·02)69·40 (65·37–73·96)61·41 (57·28–65·80)
Honduras67·23 (65·64–68·91)59·20 (56·47–61·74)67·35 (63·79–70·22)59·91 (56·85–63·19)71·72 (68·57–75·52)63·09 (59·35–66·67)69·97 (65·91–74·24)62·44 (58·43–66·60)73·71 (70·41–77·70)64·78 (60·90–68·63)71·64 (67·32–75·82)63·86 (59·59–67·72)
Mexico74·77 (74·46–75·10)65·19 (62·44–67·68)68·33 (67·95–68·72)60·44 (58·05–62·49)78·14 (77·79–78·46)68·29 (65·38–70·81)72·79 (72·42–73·13)64·44 (61·96–66·62)79·11 (78·65–79·56)69·00 (65·92–71·58)73·71 (73·20–74·19)65·17 (62·59–67·43)
Nicaragua76·43 (75·87–77·02)66·58 (63·66–69·19)70·74 (70·04–71·41)62·56 (59·98–64·83)79·65 (79·10–80·27)69·67 (66·69–72·42)74·08 (73·42–74·74)65·79 (63·30–68·12)81·17 (79·21–83·22)70·94 (67·63–74·13)75·25 (72·85–77·72)66·84 (63·52–69·99)
Panama77·54 (76·65–78·49)67·96 (65·04–70·56)72·50 (71·40–73·60)64·56 (62·18–66·83)80·33 (79·47–81·20)70·30 (67·20–73·04)74·78 (73·66–75·91)66·44 (63·89–68·76)81·98 (80·38–83·60)71·57 (68·22–74·62)76·03 (73·97–78·07)67·33 (64·33–70·19)
Venezuela75·41 (74·60–76·29)66·21 (63·41–68·75)69·98 (68·88–70·90)62·40 (59·97–64·62)79·05 (78·13–79·89)69·26 (66·19–71·84)70·98 (69·93–72·11)63·25 (60·76–65·44)79·79 (77·49–81·84)69·87 (66·40–73·26)71·30 (68·22–73·83)63·46 (60·14–66·42)
Andean Latin America70·08 (69·45–70·78)61·05 (58·27–63·48)66·45 (65·71–67·13)58·65 (56·38–60·66)77·68 (77·01–78·35)67·63 (64·50–70·22)73·50 (72·83–74·19)64·81 (62·21–67·09)79·76 (78·33–81·16)69·43 (66·22–72·41)76·02 (74·60–77·53)66·99 (64·01–69·65)
Bolivia62·16 (60·65–63·60)54·02 (51·26–56·57)60·53 (59·19–61·86)53·13 (50·77–55·31)71·77 (70·20–73·10)62·29 (59·32–65·00)69·14 (67·72–70·73)60·72 (57·94–63·35)74·27 (71·23–76·97)64·59 (60·91–67·96)72·23 (69·63–75·00)63·45 (60·07–66·93)
Ecuador73·91 (73·34–74·50)64·46 (61·68–67·01)68·98 (68·32–69·61)60·96 (58·50–63·15)78·62 (78·06–79·21)68·58 (65·52–71·15)73·05 (72·29–73·76)64·42 (61·86–66·79)80·36 (79·36–81·30)70·02 (66·82–72·77)75·35 (74·11–76·49)66·43 (63·73–69·03)
Peru71·42 (70·42–72·50)62·21 (59·36–64·81)67·44 (66·30–68·55)59·59 (57·17–61·81)79·55 (78·55–80·63)69·25 (66·06–72·00)75·44 (74·35–76·53)66·62 (63·82–69·13)81·60 (79·22–83·98)71·03 (67·47–74·59)77·80 (75·33–80·32)68·64 (65·32–71·83)
Caribbean69·50 (68·81–70·13)60·44 (57·64–62·88)65·93 (65·29–66·61)58·28 (55·90–60·50)72·40 (71·53–73·27)62·90 (60·07–65·48)68·67 (67·79–69·54)60·57 (58·07–62·88)75·35 (74·02–76·61)65·39 (62·39–68·26)71·00 (69·69–72·33)62·58 (59·79–65·00)
Antigua and Barbuda76·68 (75·47–77·85)66·92 (63·82–69·77)70·84 (69·63–71·97)62·64 (60·04–65·02)78·76 (77·61–79·93)68·43 (65·23–71·40)73·34 (72·15–74·65)64·53 (61·68–67·13)79·92 (78·32–81·59)69·37 (65·99–72·65)74·65 (72·67–76·41)65·61 (62·64–68·53)
The Bahamas74·00 (73·00–74·89)64·52 (61·51–67·24)67·09 (66·00–68·09)59·62 (57·31–61·77)76·19 (75·39–77·01)66·38 (63·53–69·02)70·46 (69·68–71·19)62·45 (60·10–64·62)76·30 (74·58–77·97)66·49 (63·31–69·38)71·33 (69·70–72·93)63·22 (60·52–65·91)
Barbados76·16 (75·12–77·15)66·36 (63·33–69·04)70·92 (69·66–71·99)62·90 (60·42–65·23)78·49 (77·53–79·38)68·02 (64·90–70·80)73·54 (72·47–74·50)64·95 (62·20–67·34)78·68 (77·25–80·06)68·10 (64·80–71·19)74·38 (72·78–75·92)65·64 (62·79–68·37)
Belize73·93 (72·68–75·23)64·26 (61·15–67·05)69·38 (67·81–70·50)61·39 (58·70–63·71)73·29 (72·38–74·17)63·80 (60·87–66·53)67·40 (66·22–68·53)59·76 (57·23–62·05)74·95 (73·10–76·81)65·15 (61·97–68·12)69·11 (67·10–71·40)61·25 (58·23–64·02)
Bermuda72·90 (71·87–73·98)63·98 (61·26–66·60)66·78 (65·67–67·86)59·48 (57·02–61·60)78·00 (76·91–79·03)68·18 (65·20–70·92)72·81 (71·81–73·79)64·62 (62·21–66·92)82·39 (80·69–84·46)71·70 (68·30–74·84)75·74 (74·10–77·22)67·03 (64·10–69·63)
Cuba76·98 (76·43–77·56)66·87 (63·85–69·51)72·70 (72·06–73·27)64·51 (61·96–66·78)79·92 (79·40–80·40)69·58 (66·44–72·32)75·70 (75·10–76·28)67·09 (64·47–69·42)81·30 (80·31–82·36)70·66 (67·44–73·66)76·66 (75·59–77·74)67·80 (65·03–70·35)
Dominica73·68 (72·69–74·70)64·65 (61·88–67·09)70·44 (69·45–71·54)62·42 (59·96–64·72)75·98 (74·80–77·05)66·47 (63·56–69·05)70·83 (69·73–71·92)62·68 (60·23–64·98)75·84 (73·91–77·37)66·21 (63·22–69·11)70·19 (67·89–72·38)62·08 (59·01–65·02)
Dominican Republic72·72 (72·03–73·64)63·61 (60·92–66·27)68·92 (67·91–69·97)61·20 (58·76–63·51)76·56 (75·18–78·17)66·72 (63·43–69·68)70·72 (69·57–72·27)62·60 (60·06–65·04)78·57 (76·90–80·63)68·47 (65·35–71·80)72·88 (71·17–74·87)64·51 (61·65–67·18)
Grenada73·07 (71·50–74·35)63·29 (60·23–66·00)68·65 (66·90–70·37)60·45 (57·69–63·13)73·99 (72·55–75·31)64·33 (61·30–67·01)68·33 (67·02–69·71)60·44 (57·82–62·97)74·43 (72·29–76·68)64·67 (61·62–67·69)68·80 (66·68–71·09)60·80 (57·83–63·61)
Guyana67·79 (66·80–68·87)58·86 (56·01–61·35)60·94 (59·78–62·10)53·86 (51·57–56·07)68·30 (67·14–69·35)59·16 (56·33–61·63)61·77 (60·64–62·99)54·48 (52·07–56·63)71·17 (69·59–72·89)61·60 (58·62–64·52)64·67 (62·99–66·41)57·01 (54·30–59·41)
Haiti54·27 (52·55–56·07)47·10 (44·54–49·51)53·86 (52·03–55·82)47·16 (44·50–49·59)58·20 (55·79–60·80)50·59 (47·70–53·48)58·51 (56·00–61·09)51·37 (48·35–54·31)64·42 (61·40–67·53)55·98 (52·71–59·53)63·58 (60·17–66·93)55·92 (52·30–59·54)
Jamaica75·36 (74·03–76·62)65·33 (62·13–68·20)73·44 (72·09–74·70)64·70 (61·97–67·25)76·36 (75·09–77·66)66·06 (62·79–69·00)73·28 (71·90–74·66)64·54 (61·62–67·13)76·79 (74·50–79·15)66·43 (63·09–69·99)73·06 (70·43–75·53)64·33 (61·11–67·43)
Puerto Rico78·45 (77·86–79·07)68·36 (65·33–71·06)69·65 (68·82–70·46)61·58 (59·12–63·83)81·08 (80·48–81·63)70·21 (66·94–73·17)73·52 (72·69–74·23)64·40 (61·61–66·85)82·36 (81·27–83·54)71·33 (68·04–74·29)75·04 (73·74–76·39)65·81 (62·94–68·39)
Saint Lucia74·26 (73·22–75·19)64·00 (60·85–66·81)69·52 (68·34–70·56)60·90 (58·14–63·36)77·55 (76·60–78·37)67·25 (64·22–70·02)71·39 (70·30–72·29)62·91 (60·23–65·30)79·29 (78·14–80·36)68·59 (65·28–71·52)73·05 (71·64–74·27)64·24 (61·19–66·75)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines72·72 (71·69–73·72)63·32 (60·36–65·87)68·54 (67·17–69·93)60·62 (58·00–62·99)73·96 (73·29–74·76)64·30 (61·47–67·01)68·62 (67·69–69·48)60·56 (58·17–62·78)74·80 (73·67–76·09)65·00 (62·00–67·90)68·80 (67·42–70·06)60·65 (58·05–63·14)
Suriname72·53 (71·89–73·22)62·93 (59·91–65·65)67·75 (66·99–68·41)59·79 (57·40–61·92)72·46 (71·60–73·26)62·79 (59·75–65·34)66·70 (65·95–67·45)58·89 (56·40–61·02)74·37 (73·12–75·41)64·32 (61·24–67·12)68·41 (67·13–69·69)60·24 (57·53–62·67)
Trinidad and Tobago71·87 (71·25–72·56)62·39 (59·64–64·91)66·28 (65·59–66·97)58·68 (56·31–60·87)75·17 (74·41–75·89)65·04 (61·98–67·79)68·14 (67·33–68·96)59·89 (57·46–62·16)76·98 (75·63–78·20)66·48 (63·13–69·33)69·31 (67·78–70·76)60·75 (57·91–63·36)
Virgin Islands76·11 (75·19–77·53)66·70 (63·82–69·42)69·19 (68·00–70·51)61·53 (59·07–63·76)77·74 (76·93–78·51)67·90 (64·87–70·49)70·08 (68·90–71·14)62·18 (59·66–64·42)78·77 (77·54–80·06)68·65 (65·55–71·60)70·63 (68·75–72·91)62·58 (59·71–65·48)
Tropical Latin America72·47 (72·03–72·91)62·56 (59·56–65·08)64·85 (64·34–65·35)57·38 (55·02–59·42)76·95 (76·51–77·34)66·18 (62·94–68·96)69·57 (69·10–70·00)61·27 (58·86–63·46)78·92 (78·42–79·40)67·98 (64·72–70·81)71·59 (70·97–72·12)62·99 (60·40–65·22)
Brazil72·40 (71·94–72·85)62·50 (59·50–65·07)64·64 (64·13–65·16)57·20 (54·86–59·22)77·01 (76·56–77·40)66·21 (62·96–69·01)69·49 (69·01–69·92)61·20 (58·75–63·39)79·00 (78·49–79·49)68·05 (64·76–70·88)71·56 (70·94–72·10)62·96 (60·36–65·16)
Paraguay76·30 (75·51–76·96)65·92 (62·83–68·70)72·86 (72·16–73·63)64·25 (61·74–66·64)76·20 (75·30–77·15)65·88 (62·68–68·75)72·04 (71·31–72·71)63·45 (60·88–65·75)77·10 (75·69–78·52)66·50 (63·13–69·55)72·09 (70·29–73·53)63·58 (60·67–66·17)
Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania68·81 (68·39–69·21)60·57 (58·22–62·65)64·47 (64·04–64·88)57·98 (56·05–59·68)74·53 (74·29–74·77)65·49 (62·86–67·79)69·18 (68·89–69·46)62·13 (60·08–64·01)78·37 (78·08–78·64)68·55 (65·74–71·01)72·11 (71·76–72·42)64·57 (62·36–66·48)
East Asia69·41 (68·83–69·96)61·28 (58·95–63·37)65·16 (64·58–65·69)58·89 (57·00–60·58)75·81 (75·53–76·10)66·80 (64·19–69·11)70·34 (70·04–70·64)63·49 (61·45–65·35)79·81 (79·51–80·12)69·96 (67·21–72·47)73·29 (72·97–73·63)65·94 (63·80–67·83)
China69·20 (68·61–69·76)61·11 (58·80–63·20)64·98 (64·41–65·53)58·75 (56·87–60·44)75·81 (75·51–76·11)66·83 (64·23–69·14)70·34 (70·03–70·65)63·50 (61·47–65·37)79·93 (79·63–80·24)70·06 (67·29–72·55)73·36 (73·04–73·69)66·01 (63·88–67·91)
North Korea74·06 (72·75–75·74)65·06 (62·20–67·84)69·18 (67·60–71·13)62·46 (60·03–64·70)72·48 (71·28–73·81)63·39 (60·56–66·10)67·13 (66·02–68·33)60·62 (58·62–62·50)73·59 (72·47–74·73)64·70 (61·97–67·31)67·88 (66·67–69·08)61·17 (58·94–63·24)
Taiwan (Province of China)76·89 (76·37–77·41)67·05 (64·12–69·73)71·51 (70·87–72·12)63·93 (61·56–65·98)81·18 (80·69–81·66)70·66 (67·64–73·26)74·93 (74·33–75·59)66·97 (64·74–69·04)82·84 (81·44–84·41)72·06 (68·74–75·22)76·68 (74·97–78·54)68·36 (65·70–70·89)
Southeast Asia67·54 (67·07–68·01)59·01 (56·53–61·29)63·14 (62·68–63·59)55·93 (53·88–57·83)72·13 (71·76–72·56)63·04 (60·38–65·34)67·15 (66·61–67·64)59·50 (57·41–61·49)75·51 (75·03–75·96)65·84 (63·04–68·32)69·96 (69·31–70·56)61·94 (59·60–63·93)
Cambodia59·25 (58·26–60·38)51·14 (48·49–53·52)55·50 (54·32–56·71)48·59 (46·34–50·71)66·38 (65·50–67·29)57·46 (54·75–59·88)61·11 (59·88–62·24)53·61 (51·44–55·67)71·60 (70·52–72·72)62·14 (59·37–64·72)65·72 (64·50–67·01)57·97 (55·56–60·13)
Indonesia64·90 (64·34–65·40)56·93 (54·56–59·05)62·37 (61·83–62·90)55·36 (53·33–57·28)70·24 (69·77–70·68)61·59 (58·97–63·78)67·39 (66·80–68·02)59·74 (57·49–61·82)73·56 (72·96–74·12)64·15 (61·36–66·57)69·82 (68·83–70·75)61·78 (59·34–63·95)
Laos54·18 (52·72–55·48)47·28 (44·92–49·41)50·74 (49·16–52·24)44·90 (42·56–47·03)63·14 (61·87–64·24)55·13 (52·55–57·41)58·71 (57·49–59·91)51·99 (49·78–54·10)69·70 (68·04–71·13)60·82 (57·98–63·41)64·82 (62·91–66·40)57·37 (54·73–59·81)
Malaysia73·70 (73·40–74·04)64·48 (61·72–66·81)69·61 (69·27–69·95)61·94 (59·67–63·97)75·99 (75·74–76·23)66·58 (63·75–68·95)72·12 (71·80–72·45)63·96 (61·61–66·06)78·05 (77·50–78·57)68·14 (65·17–70·73)73·16 (72·41–73·94)64·78 (62·37–66·97)
Maldives62·00 (60·92–63·23)53·61 (51·08–56·05)62·85 (61·73–64·05)55·11 (52·72–57·26)77·42 (76·45–78·47)66·95 (63·89–69·74)75·23 (74·21–76·20)66·13 (63·33–68·64)81·33 (78·62–83·96)70·26 (66·32–73·72)77·58 (74·97–80·31)68·23 (64·84–71·50)
Mauritius73·42 (72·89–73·94)63·63 (60·79–66·22)65·39 (64·86–65·92)58·03 (55·89–59·98)75·89 (75·31–76·40)65·67 (62·62–68·28)69·19 (68·61–69·83)60·98 (58·61–63·08)77·81 (76·00–79·57)67·12 (63·74–70·36)71·42 (69·59–73·36)62·67 (59·53–65·47)
Myanmar60·93 (59·45–62·34)53·09 (50·61–55·57)56·26 (54·54–57·98)49·56 (47·16–51·97)67·28 (65·95–68·50)58·84 (56·20–61·27)61·28 (58·40–63·10)54·21 (51·28–56·61)73·35 (72·38–74·34)64·11 (61·36–66·65)66·73 (65·16–67·87)59·04 (56·43–61·32)
Philippines70·92 (70·24–71·61)61·69 (58·96–64·14)63·45 (62·60–64·36)55·80 (53·48–57·96)72·07 (71·24–72·76)62·73 (59·95–65·22)64·58 (63·69–65·46)57·07 (54·88–59·12)73·87 (72·05–75·85)64·47 (61·52–67·57)66·64 (64·58–68·74)59·07 (56·50–61·71)
Sri Lanka75·38 (74·55–76·26)65·51 (62·68–68·15)67·77 (66·67–68·89)59·80 (57·30–62·16)78·31 (77·17–79·27)68·15 (65·22–70·82)70·46 (69·17–71·65)62·27 (59·85–64·54)81·09 (78·67–83·77)70·47 (66·87–74·07)73·72 (70·53–76·90)65·07 (61·57–68·32)
Seychelles74·15 (73·50–74·82)65·14 (62·54–67·54)64·48 (63·41–65·58)57·71 (55·61–59·61)76·20 (75·56–77·25)66·77 (63·92–69·39)68·64 (67·74–69·55)61·10 (58·91–63·25)77·40 (76·02–78·87)67·72 (64·76–70·58)70·25 (68·17–72·03)62·41 (59·83–64·93)
Thailand74·08 (73·42–74·68)64·41 (61·59–66·96)67·20 (66·41–68·01)59·48 (57·24–61·59)77·81 (77·23–78·38)67·73 (64·85–70·31)71·48 (70·70–72·29)63·15 (60·71–65·36)80·91 (79·63–82·00)70·24 (67·11–73·26)74·59 (72·93–76·22)65·71 (62·91–68·38)
Timor-Leste57·61 (54·99–60·60)50·23 (47·11–53·26)58·39 (56·06–60·79)50·62 (47·62–53·51)69·06 (66·95–71·25)60·09 (57·11–63·16)67·57 (65·41–69·81)58·60 (55·53–61·71)73·68 (70·57–76·59)64·27 (60·67–67·86)71·69 (68·65–74·73)62·39 (58·56–65·67)
Vietnam71·11 (69·45–73·05)62·16 (59·16–65·03)65·27 (63·23–67·12)58·12 (55·61–60·67)75·49 (73·94–77·73)66·09 (63·17–69·01)68·53 (66·58–70·74)61·21 (58·75–63·77)78·10 (76·59–79·12)68·44 (65·57–71·08)70·87 (69·14–72·67)63·30 (60·72–65·77)
Oceania60·31 (58·44–62·02)52·36 (49·47–54·96)56·79 (55·08–58·47)50·27 (47·85–52·56)61·11 (58·80–63·18)53·01 (49·94–55·71)58·35 (56·00–60·49)51·58 (48·75–54·22)63·76 (61·41–66·00)55·16 (51·88–58·03)60·72 (58·24–62·92)53·57 (50·64–56·19)
American Samoa75·02 (73·75–76·44)64·48 (61·29–67·60)66·93 (65·44–68·49)58·64 (56·07–61·15)74·38 (72·61–75·88)63·93 (60·72–67·22)69·25 (67·72–70·70)60·50 (57·64–63·08)74·43 (71·97–77·03)63·94 (60·47–67·29)70·37 (67·82–72·73)61·39 (58·12–64·51)
Federated States of Micronesia65·60 (63·23–67·73)57·09 (53·99–59·87)61·03 (58·77–63·16)54·13 (51·41–56·65)67·23 (64·39–69·83)58·56 (55·40–61·67)64·01 (61·74–66·18)56·67 (53·87–59·30)67·58 (64·54–70·55)58·84 (55·44–62·17)63·57 (60·73–66·27)56·28 (53·25–59·28)
Fiji68·04 (63·85–72·17)58·99 (54·86–62·98)62·73 (59·19–66·20)55·32 (51·72–58·77)67·12 (65·31–69·36)58·07 (54·97–61·03)62·61 (60·57–64·97)55·23 (52·53–57·84)67·67 (63·49–71·89)58·63 (54·64–62·73)63·27 (59·17–67·99)56·00 (52·16–60·22)
Guam76·44 (75·25–77·71)66·30 (63·15–69·05)70·34 (68·94–71·64)62·61 (60·08–64·88)76·69 (75·63–77·75)66·43 (63·41–69·36)70·14 (68·50–71·30)62·27 (59·67–64·55)76·09 (74·28–78·08)65·75 (62·62–68·84)69·05 (66·86–71·35)61·20 (58·42–63·78)
Kiribati60·87 (58·96–62·74)52·77 (49·98–55·51)55·53 (53·76–57·42)49·42 (47·04–51·64)63·92 (61·83–65·92)55·29 (52·20–58·18)56·63 (54·56–58·59)50·15 (47·47–52·68)65·59 (62·39–68·39)56·70 (53·26–60·06)58·17 (55·44–61·12)51·49 (48·39–54·51)
Marshall Islands67·99 (66·53–69·39)58·54 (55·60–61·38)61·47 (59·95–62·84)54·23 (51·81–56·48)65·11 (63·20–67·11)56·14 (53·04–59·02)61·00 (59·18–62·90)53·70 (51·07–56·26)67·26 (64·36–70·12)57·87 (54·25–61·23)62·75 (60·08–65·45)55·07 (52·11–58·20)
Northern Mariana Islands74·74 (72·01–77·56)64·95 (61·34–68·42)72·67 (70·19–75·43)64·25 (61·24–67·37)77·62 (75·38–79·86)67·24 (63·57–70·35)74·91 (72·81–76·87)65·99 (62·86–68·76)77·37 (74·86–79·95)66·90 (63·25–70·24)73·88 (71·52–76·20)65·02 (62·01–67·86)
Papua New Guinea57·55 (55·23–59·80)49·98 (47·04–52·65)54·45 (52·17–56·65)48·22 (45·54–50·61)58·93 (55·93–61·58)51·16 (47·90–54·17)56·57 (53·58–59·29)50·03 (46·91–52·97)62·17 (59·37–64·96)53·81 (50·34–56·94)59·50 (56·53–62·33)52·50 (49·24–55·40)
Samoa72·32 (70·28–74·30)62·82 (59·73–65·93)65·84 (63·47–67·86)58·20 (55·27–60·85)73·62 (71·80–75·57)63·79 (60·62–66·81)68·98 (67·00–70·99)60·94 (58·20–63·63)74·00 (71·99–76·12)64·09 (60·85–67·24)69·90 (67·94–72·24)61·73 (58·95–64·39)
Solomon Islands61·76 (59·54–64·33)53·80 (50·92–56·89)58·55 (56·42–61·01)52·15 (49·75–54·77)62·15 (59·76–64·69)54·07 (51·07–56·93)60·06 (57·82–62·35)53·36 (50·66–55·92)64·24 (61·49–66·86)55·79 (52·73–58·68)61·91 (59·31–64·32)54·85 (52·12–57·46)
Tonga70·12 (67·56–72·67)60·50 (57·17–63·85)65·71 (63·10–68·33)58·15 (55·13–61·11)72·43 (70·40–74·34)62·32 (58·91–65·47)66·85 (64·60–69·05)59·07 (56·15–61·55)73·33 (70·85–75·64)63·03 (59·33–66·31)67·50 (65·23–70·07)59·46 (56·61–62·26)
Vanuatu63·86 (61·77–66·01)55·35 (52·25–58·43)59·86 (57·86–61·86)53·15 (50·44–55·83)63·97 (61·41–66·27)55·50 (52·38–58·48)60·75 (58·57–62·89)54·04 (51·41–56·65)65·68 (62·77–68·20)56·81 (53·52–60·12)62·22 (59·66–64·66)55·23 (52·22–58·05)
North Africa and Middle East68·93 (68·42–69·38)57·92 (54·77–60·69)65·01 (64·43–65·60)56·14 (53·49–58·51)73·19 (72·67–73·67)61·72 (58·38–64·77)69·13 (68·46–69·80)59·90 (57·22–62·30)75·59 (74·89–76·29)63·66 (60·17–66·71)70·90 (70·05–71·78)61·41 (58·64–63·99)
Afghanistan51·35 (49·83–52·92)42·97 (40·24–45·55)51·87 (50·14–53·90)44·20 (41·28–46·73)54·51 (53·00–55·97)46·03 (43·31–48·59)53·80 (51·93–55·70)46·34 (43·59–49·01)59·16 (57·45–60·78)49·95 (46·99–52·73)56·83 (54·45–59·11)49·11 (46·21–51·87)
Algeria72·56 (71·34–73·76)61·07 (57·66–64·19)69·44 (68·19–70·72)60·04 (57·20–62·71)76·85 (75·62–77·68)64·85 (61·39–68·08)74·42 (73·29–75·58)64·42 (61·43–67·15)78·41 (77·46–79·34)66·11 (62·60–69·36)76·43 (75·06–77·66)66·04 (62·82–68·90)
Bahrain70·99 (69·28–72·59)59·71 (56·49–63·00)68·54 (66·94–70·18)59·52 (56·73–62·36)74·94 (73·50–76·48)62·73 (59·17–66·14)72·76 (71·18–74·39)62·85 (59·79–65·88)77·81 (75·72–80·15)65·01 (61·16–68·83)75·99 (73·45–78·51)65·52 (61·84–68·99)
Egypt67·29 (66·32–68·21)56·84 (53·88–59·56)63·32 (62·42–64·29)55·04 (52·44–57·31)72·89 (72·08–73·70)61·63 (58·41–64·61)67·66 (66·77–68·54)59·00 (56·40–61·49)74·98 (73·15–76·99)63·54 (60·05–66·80)69·44 (67·60–71·52)60·64 (57·89–63·40)
Iran71·07 (68·91–73·37)59·86 (56·10–63·19)65·24 (62·58–68·12)56·37 (53·08–59·74)75·20 (72·96–77·42)63·59 (59·94–66·96)70·75 (68·00–73·35)61·37 (57·97–64·66)78·38 (76·58–80·58)66·03 (62·27–69·57)73·78 (71·23–76·22)63·72 (60·16–66·85)
Iraq67·58 (65·61–69·71)56·63 (53·29–59·79)64·75 (62·05–67·37)55·19 (51·77–58·30)66·88 (64·23–69·42)56·47 (52·82–59·86)60·90 (57·38–65·04)52·54 (48·76–56·43)70·48 (67·37–73·54)59·26 (55·41–62·99)64·83 (61·47–69·19)55·76 (52·01–59·74)
Jordan72·58 (70·91–74·84)60·94 (57·41–64·21)71·03 (69·24–72·57)61·11 (58·15–63·85)74·23 (71·88–76·82)62·75 (59·00–66·31)73·34 (70·65–75·64)63·51 (60·19–66·80)77·99 (74·85–81·02)65·70 (61·49–69·46)74·71 (71·39–78·25)64·59 (60·97–68·43)
Kuwait76·70 (74·82–78·73)65·00 (61·29–68·33)74·54 (72·38–76·73)64·65 (61·43–67·77)77·12 (75·72–78·44)65·38 (61·84–68·56)76·93 (75·01–78·65)66·54 (63·23–69·57)79·47 (76·63–82·70)67·37 (63·50–71·31)79·96 (76·38–83·60)69·01 (65·03–73·34)
Lebanon71·92 (70·05–74·03)60·87 (57·53–64·06)66·38 (64·58–68·79)57·36 (54·50–60·39)78·72 (77·82–79·96)66·52 (62·98–69·83)77·22 (75·61–78·85)66·63 (63·32–69·56)81·42 (79·91–82·87)68·66 (64·94–72·23)78·79 (77·11–80·32)67·94 (64·59–70·98)
Libya74·68 (73·33–75·82)62·95 (59·53–66·07)71·59 (70·34–72·98)61·97 (59·12–64·75)77·01 (75·27–78·13)65·03 (61·54–68·16)73·87 (72·63–75·29)64·02 (60·99–66·73)77·59 (76·21–78·74)65·47 (61·78–68·74)72·62 (71·01–74·65)63·00 (59·92–65·82)
Morocco68·70 (67·60–69·73)57·76 (54·46–60·75)65·69 (64·85–66·57)56·74 (54·04–59·15)73·80 (72·47–74·96)62·22 (58·80–65·42)71·16 (70·12–72·08)61·48 (58·51–64·21)76·44 (75·14–77·71)64·38 (60·74–67·77)73·55 (72·48–74·54)63·58 (60·60–66·20)
Palestine71·78 (69·66–73·66)61·01 (57·61–64·21)70·13 (68·34–72·03)60·77 (57·75–63·60)74·19 (73·77–74·60)63·12 (59·87–65·98)69·54 (69·07–69·99)60·50 (57·83–62·89)73·48 (72·75–74·22)62·56 (59·49–65·38)70·23 (69·47–71·02)61·05 (58·38–63·44)
Oman71·89 (70·46–73·25)60·59 (57·11–63·71)69·50 (68·12–70·81)59·95 (56·92–62·74)78·21 (77·27–79·33)66·25 (62·72–69·47)74·05 (72·92–75·15)64·33 (61·45–67·07)79·93 (79·21–80·83)67·64 (63·95–70·96)75·28 (74·48–76·27)65·29 (62·36–68·01)
Qatar75·25 (73·06–77·85)63·35 (59·66–67·15)74·82 (72·23–77·11)64·23 (60·77–67·49)78·98 (77·27–80·91)66·20 (62·32–69·81)75·74 (73·25–78·54)65·28 (61·77–68·76)81·82 (78·89–85·16)68·54 (64·22–72·79)79·00 (75·41–82·65)67·94 (63·77–72·07)
Saudi Arabia73·52 (72·07–74·90)61·62 (58·14–64·84)70·62 (69·03–72·20)61·15 (58·17–63·96)74·85 (74·23–75·41)63·49 (60·33–66·49)73·41 (72·66–74·13)64·07 (61·36–66·59)78·67 (77·83–79·62)66·61 (63·09–69·87)75·97 (74·95–77·00)66·21 (63·34–68·81)
Sudan59·53 (58·32–60·64)50·03 (47·25–52·75)57·60 (56·49–58·74)49·47 (46·80–51·85)66·70 (65·69–67·70)56·23 (53·08–58·98)63·67 (62·69–64·72)54·90 (52·20–57·27)70·29 (68·93–71·52)59·15 (55·70–62·35)66·37 (64·87–67·67)57·23 (54·39–60·00)
Syria72·81 (71·69–73·94)61·54 (58·19–64·52)69·12 (68·12–70·07)60·03 (57·31–62·60)77·06 (76·30–77·70)65·44 (61·99–68·51)73·22 (72·43–73·99)63·91 (61·04–66·43)73·62 (69·06–78·25)62·58 (57·77–67·20)63·29 (56·34–71·29)55·64 (49·19–62·44)
Tunisia74·12 (73·09–75·18)62·92 (59·62–66·06)69·36 (68·15–70·56)60·38 (57·62–62·91)78·82 (77·62–80·64)67·00 (63·42–70·58)73·67 (71·98–75·57)64·07 (60·96–67·00)80·46 (78·87–82·70)68·32 (64·48–72·01)74·58 (72·07–77·24)65·02 (61·75–68·47)
Turkey73·48 (72·41–74·51)61·46 (58·05–64·58)66·84 (65·71–68·03)57·77 (55·03–60·35)80·56 (79·58–81·47)67·67 (63·94–71·19)73·90 (73·02–74·83)64·15 (61·44–66·84)82·33 (80·42–84·35)69·20 (65·37–72·84)75·84 (73·66–78·13)65·94 (62·76–69·10)
United Arab Emirates73·80 (71·06–76·69)62·23 (58·32–65·78)71·73 (68·48–74·76)61·87 (57·92–65·75)78·57 (77·31–79·40)66·33 (62·78–69·58)75·06 (73·81–76·25)64·89 (61·82–67·73)78·64 (76·18–80·63)66·53 (62·95–70·18)74·52 (72·10–76·83)64·62 (61·09–67·66)
Yemen58·84 (57·63–60·16)48·28 (45·15–51·30)58·57 (57·40–59·81)49·39 (46·58–51·99)65·68 (64·61–66·84)54·20 (50·83–57·27)65·37 (64·18–66·55)55·43 (52·41–58·18)67·94 (66·60–69·16)56·24 (52·77–59·33)65·51 (63·70–67·23)55·81 (52·76–58·59)
South Asia59·80 (59·24–60·35)50·89 (48·19–53·20)58·46 (57·94–58·97)50·96 (48·82–52·90)66·30 (65·82–66·79)56·41 (53·59–58·90)63·48 (62·93–64·03)55·24 (52·96–57·29)70·59 (70·08–71·12)60·00 (56·96–62·75)67·11 (66·46–67·67)58·43 (55·97–60·54)
Bangladesh58·61 (57·32–59·87)49·95 (47·23–52·37)57·61 (56·57–58·73)50·10 (47·67–52·26)70·37 (69·36–71·27)59·79 (56·76–62·56)66·64 (65·79–67·55)58·08 (55·57–60·33)75·10 (73·49–76·44)64·04 (60·88–67·11)70·47 (68·82–72·04)61·69 (58·94–64·30)
Bhutan59·12 (57·08–61·38)50·11 (47·16–53·12)60·68 (58·50–62·85)52·49 (49·55–55·02)71·21 (69·51–72·79)60·17 (56·70–63·28)69·12 (67·36–70·85)59·86 (57·04–62·76)75·91 (73·78–77·46)64·06 (60·43–67·44)72·23 (70·06–74·38)62·56 (59·32–65·53)
India59·69 (59·02–60·35)50·75 (48·01–53·17)58·29 (57·68–58·87)50·81 (48·69–52·79)66·01 (65·38–66·59)56·09 (53·27–58·68)63·22 (62·59–63·80)54·96 (52·71–57·10)70·33 (69·59–71·03)59·67 (56·62–62·44)66·93 (66·24–67·56)58·18 (55·72–60·37)
Nepal57·71 (56·74–58·64)49·63 (47·28–51·88)57·69 (56·67–58·72)50·14 (47·90–52·23)67·17 (66·20–68·21)57·74 (54·95–60·24)65·78 (64·76–66·74)57·35 (54·84–59·72)71·91 (71·07–72·81)61·80 (58·81–64·42)69·74 (68·49–71·04)60·92 (58·30–63·39)
Pakistan62·48 (61·49–63·45)53·50 (50·73–55·99)62·41 (61·38–63·42)54·57 (52·08–56·85)64·74 (63·33–66·23)55·57 (52·77–58·33)63·35 (61·99–64·79)55·58 (53·21–57·94)68·89 (66·86–71·19)59·09 (55·86–62·20)66·44 (64·27–68·45)58·23 (55·39–60·97)
Sub-Saharan Africa55·39 (54·92–55·80)47·87 (45·54–49·89)52·04 (51·48–52·68)45·35 (43·39–47·24)56·38 (55·83–56·89)48·88 (46·67–50·96)54·12 (53·55–54·65)47·33 (45·35–49·21)64·59 (63·91–65·26)56·05 (53·55–58·32)61·18 (60·30–62·02)53·57 (51·23–55·82)
Southern sub-Saharan Africa67·35 (66·60–68·16)58·18 (55·61–60·63)60·25 (59·31–61·19)52·67 (50·49–54·85)51·29 (50·07–52·53)44·50 (42·44–46·63)48·31 (47·41–49·22)42·47 (40·68–44·15)64·86 (63·79–65·96)55·75 (53·05–58·36)58·36 (57·38–59·33)50·90 (48·68–53·04)
Botswana67·60 (65·60–69·84)58·83 (55·88–61·79)61·23 (58·34–64·21)53·70 (50·51–56·85)51·04 (45·54–56·94)44·50 (39·85–49·30)47·99 (44·54–52·03)42·16 (38·85–45·79)69·21 (64·51–78·50)59·74 (54·95–66·73)61·69 (58·43–67·01)53·88 (50·27–58·28)
Lesotho64·20 (62·27–66·35)55·55 (52·72–58·36)56·59 (54·64–58·76)49·82 (47·38–52·48)45·45 (41·73–49·33)39·46 (36·03–42·72)41·01 (38·66–43·40)36·16 (33·65–38·50)53·67 (49·88–58·25)46·37 (42·72–50·26)47·13 (44·61–49·71)41·46 (38·97–43·98)
Namibia64·69 (63·56–65·91)56·44 (53·69–58·78)58·32 (57·03–59·62)51·36 (49·11–53·52)54·71 (50·75–58·90)47·83 (44·03–51·74)50·34 (47·92–52·74)44·40 (41·90–46·92)69·31 (65·48–75·19)60·14 (55·93–65·17)60·39 (57·83–63·37)53·00 (50·09–56·01)
South Africa68·05 (67·23–68·92)58·59 (55·83–61·09)60·72 (59·85–61·59)52·98 (50·78–55·06)52·28 (50·85–53·65)45·25 (42·99–47·42)49·72 (48·70–50·77)43·60 (41·64–45·51)65·51 (64·17–66·75)56·09 (53·35–58·88)59·24 (57·90–60·31)51·47 (49·14–53·72)
Swaziland65·42 (63·35–67·49)56·99 (54·16–59·75)59·06 (56·88–61·39)51·93 (49·38–54·50)44·30 (40·61–48·56)38·50 (35·00–42·26)41·59 (38·83–44·65)36·49 (33·84–39·30)62·16 (57·33–68·37)53·38 (48·49–58·49)53·25 (50·19–57·12)46·38 (43·19–49·67)
Zimbabwe64·36 (62·06–67·28)56·31 (53·45–59·60)59·02 (55·45–63·66)51·98 (48·42–56·28)47·07 (43·92–50·60)41·38 (38·39–44·54)44·34 (42·25–46·58)39·39 (37·15–41·71)61·87 (59·24–65·19)54·11 (51·15–57·35)56·66 (54·38–59·28)50·19 (47·52–53·02)
Western sub-Saharan Africa55·57 (54·69–56·34)47·67 (45·11–49·96)53·32 (52·28–54·31)46·21 (44·00–48·31)58·25 (57·26–59·21)50·20 (47·85–52·54)56·00 (55·03–56·96)48·79 (46·59–50·96)64·77 (63·72–65·90)55·98 (53·26–58·55)61·89 (60·59–63·06)54·12 (51·54–56·44)
Benin57·60 (56·50–58·70)48·94 (46·09–51·36)53·32 (52·04–54·64)45·99 (43·44–48·17)61·95 (60·46–63·47)53·19 (50·16–55·83)57·76 (56·51–59·08)50·39 (48·08–52·79)66·34 (64·76–68·10)57·19 (54·17–60·02)62·53 (60·91–64·06)54·72 (52·08–57·28)
Burkina Faso52·09 (51·11–53·19)44·26 (41·75–46·61)49·12 (47·86–50·52)41·95 (39·58–44·21)56·81 (55·85–57·76)48·86 (46·30–51·19)54·41 (53·23–55·54)47·20 (44·77–49·52)62·06 (61·04–63·05)53·68 (51·08–56·24)59·51 (57·95–60·84)52·17 (49·79–54·55)
Cameroon59·63 (58·32–61·10)51·05 (48·24–53·59)57·28 (55·81–58·81)49·57 (47·05–51·91)56·56 (54·54–58·87)48·79 (46·01–51·46)54·00 (52·22–55·70)47·10 (44·57–49·48)62·02 (59·34–65·18)53·81 (50·69–57·12)58·34 (56·01–60·59)51·26 (48·34–54·11)
Cape Verde71·55 (70·49–72·79)61·66 (58·62–64·50)64·09 (62·76–65·53)56·21 (53·78–58·70)76·48 (74·84–78·29)65·95 (62·49–69·20)66·27 (64·07–69·43)58·27 (55·46–61·31)78·50 (77·22–80·25)67·83 (64·48–71·09)68·79 (66·61–71·11)60·61 (57·69–63·48)
Chad54·43 (53·27–55·67)46·62 (44·13–48·84)52·10 (50·71–53·32)45·17 (42·76–47·24)55·55 (53·89–57·37)47·63 (45·00–50·25)52·59 (50·96–54·22)45·68 (43·28–48·08)61·36 (59·50–63·20)52·71 (49·91–55·50)58·32 (56·39–60·28)50·74 (48·15–53·29)
Côte d'Ivoire57·68 (56·58–58·79)49·17 (46·50–51·82)52·39 (51·01–53·58)45·37 (42·99–47·51)56·04 (54·36–57·85)48·52 (45·85–50·93)52·09 (50·45–53·67)45·65 (43·25–47·87)62·29 (60·54–64·01)53·92 (51·07–56·57)57·72 (55·83–59·48)50·60 (48·00–53·01)
The Gambia62·30 (60·68–64·02)53·36 (50·28–56·14)60·88 (59·15–62·62)53·05 (50·22–55·72)66·26 (64·59–68·06)56·75 (53·72–59·73)62·80 (61·35–64·29)54·78 (51·92–57·28)69·22 (67·62–71·33)59·42 (56·30–62·46)65·46 (63·97–66·94)57·15 (54·20–59·62)
Ghana59·84 (58·36–61·44)51·82 (49·16–54·38)57·78 (56·18–59·37)50·59 (48·06–53·14)61·92 (60·12–63·95)54·01 (51·22–56·79)59·01 (57·79–60·31)52·03 (49·63–54·16)67·53 (65·97–69·68)58·98 (56·19–61·86)64·49 (62·75–66·08)56·90 (54·34–59·35)
Guinea51·91 (50·53–53·30)44·55 (42·05–46·92)52·11 (50·71–53·57)45·26 (42·89–47·43)57·25 (55·74–58·97)49·53 (47·03–51·96)55·58 (53·83–57·33)48·76 (46·21–51·09)61·62 (59·52–64·00)53·40 (50·48–56·36)59·76 (57·32–62·13)52·48 (49·61–55·35)
Guinea-Bissau51·89 (50·31–53·78)44·89 (42·43–47·26)46·57 (44·71–48·57)40·83 (38·59–43·17)56·06 (54·03–58·01)48·66 (45·95–51·27)51·56 (50·00–53·30)45·36 (43·07–47·54)61·37 (59·44–63·33)53·32 (50·43–56·03)56·30 (54·53–58·20)49·60 (47·09–52·04)
Liberia51·76 (50·48–53·07)43·77 (41·14–46·17)47·99 (46·63–49·49)40·93 (38·51–43·17)58·82 (57·58–60·31)49·98 (47·20–52·57)58·52 (57·29–59·75)49·98 (47·27–52·50)64·82 (63·59–66·07)55·40 (52·50–58·00)64·00 (62·76–65·16)55·19 (52·43–57·82)
Mali49·39 (48·14–50·66)42·49 (40·11–44·73)49·41 (48·04–50·70)42·56 (40·19–44·83)57·72 (56·20–59·37)49·75 (47·12–52·25)56·46 (54·86–58·11)48·81 (46·21–51·40)62·74 (60·01–65·49)54·29 (51·16–57·53)61·02 (58·09–63·77)53·18 (49·98–56·44)
Mauritania60·41 (59·05–61·76)52·16 (49·49–54·62)59·50 (58·11–61·07)51·87 (49·30–54·28)65·99 (64·25–68·11)57·15 (54·23–59·95)66·83 (64·96–68·67)58·11 (55·20–60·91)70·21 (67·56–73·27)60·85 (57·43–64·22)70·29 (67·75–73·20)61·28 (57·96–64·65)
Niger48·07 (46·57–49·48)41·61 (39·47–43·84)46·19 (44·61–47·75)40·45 (38·31–42·43)57·00 (55·24–58·62)49·47 (46·71–51·86)55·43 (53·62–57·32)48·68 (46·27–51·07)62·83 (60·16–65·50)54·70 (51·47–57·94)60·60 (58·25–62·87)53·42 (50·58–56·30)
Nigeria55·80 (53·93–57·43)47·83 (45·05–50·36)53·99 (51·98–55·95)46·72 (44·09–49·35)58·29 (56·34–60·30)50·06 (47·39–52·97)56·69 (54·87–58·62)49·22 (46·60–51·93)66·41 (64·30–69·14)57·17 (53·86–60·50)63·69 (61·16–66·21)55·46 (52·16–58·36)
São Tomé and Príncipe64·55 (62·95–66·14)56·13 (53·44–58·78)61·94 (60·46–63·55)54·06 (51·51–56·55)68·04 (66·93–69·14)59·38 (56·77–61·81)65·63 (64·35–66·88)57·37 (54·72–59·76)72·09 (70·52–73·93)62·86 (59·84–65·70)69·04 (66·71–71·46)60·40 (57·08–63·43)
Senegal59·13 (57·93–60·29)51·16 (48·64–53·57)55·97 (54·99–56·95)49·06 (46·73–51·08)63·73 (62·67–64·93)55·34 (52·58–57·81)60·56 (59·49–61·69)53·17 (50·79–55·42)67·78 (66·59–68·83)58·95 (56·18–61·49)64·64 (63·32–65·97)56·81 (54·17–59·31)
Sierra Leone52·78 (51·41–54·15)45·44 (42·94–47·75)48·43 (46·82–50·02)42·07 (39·83–44·17)54·14 (52·72–55·61)46·80 (44·24–49·05)51·62 (50·37–52·85)44·94 (42·80–47·02)60·19 (58·38–62·14)52·30 (49·54–55·01)58·11 (56·42–59·82)50·98 (48·48–53·42)
Togo58·64 (57·47–59·92)50·53 (47·88–52·99)56·13 (54·90–57·39)49·04 (46·54–51·27)59·12 (57·12–61·53)51·10 (48·41–53·75)54·86 (53·29–56·46)48·25 (45·93–50·52)65·08 (63·58–66·82)56·63 (53·68–59·26)60·11 (58·22–61·70)53·13 (50·60–55·49)
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa52·92 (52·39–53·47)46·24 (44·24–48·02)49·46 (48·81–50·17)43·47 (41·58–45·13)56·64 (55·91–57·36)49·56 (47·39–51·57)54·57 (53·86–55·19)48·01 (46·07–49·81)65·08 (64·13–66·09)56·97 (54·43–59·30)61·72 (60·63–62·80)54·35 (52·04–56·58)
Burundi49·28 (47·21–51·62)43·59 (41·19–46·03)46·69 (44·34–49·16)41·49 (39·09–43·99)55·18 (53·18–57·01)48·71 (46·26–51·06)53·46 (51·54–55·47)47·33 (44·70–49·70)61·51 (58·70–64·10)54·51 (51·44–57·29)59·20 (56·03–62·28)52·57 (49·11–55·76)
Comoros59·46 (57·78–61·52)51·92 (49·20–54·61)57·80 (55·88–59·73)50·47 (47·88–52·97)65·30 (63·79–67·10)57·14 (54·36–59·97)63·78 (62·30–65·32)55·98 (53·42–58·63)68·52 (66·78–70·86)60·05 (57·27–63·16)66·61 (64·38–68·77)58·57 (55·52–61·31)
Djibouti64·10 (62·77–65·15)55·99 (53·27–58·39)58·43 (57·21–59·67)51·61 (49·41–53·77)64·36 (61·78–67·15)56·34 (53·15–59·62)59·51 (57·39–61·57)52·59 (49·86–55·17)68·80 (66·11–71·85)60·24 (56·93–63·65)64·67 (62·50–66·70)57·03 (54·20–59·80)
Eritrea53·74 (52·30–55·22)47·10 (44·78–49·34)50·96 (49·44–52·49)45·01 (42·76–47·10)61·51 (59·71–63·42)54·15 (51·29–56·75)60·05 (58·00–62·07)52·98 (50·39–55·63)64·53 (62·75–66·62)56·84 (54·01–59·55)62·88 (60·62–65·07)55·54 (52·73–58·26)
Ethiopia48·89 (47·64–50·20)43·00 (40·98–44·98)44·37 (43·16–45·76)39·31 (37·54–41·04)57·30 (55·68–59·03)50·56 (48·24–52·87)56·81 (55·05–58·31)50·17 (47·86–52·43)66·53 (64·21–68·96)58·67 (55·72–61·51)64·74 (62·10–67·59)57·20 (54·14–60·45)
Kenya62·63 (61·99–63·30)55·07 (52·71–57·15)60·25 (59·41–61·07)53·14 (50·93–55·15)59·91 (59·18–60·60)52·60 (50·41–54·67)57·04 (56·37–57·71)50·40 (48·34–52·22)69·03 (68·24–69·88)60·30 (57·58–62·64)64·72 (63·89–65·56)56·94 (54·49–59·05)
Madagascar56·76 (55·42–58·23)49·55 (47·22–51·91)54·43 (53·13–55·73)47·74 (45·56–49·87)61·40 (59·57–63·44)53·79 (50·81–56·51)59·41 (57·47–61·41)52·19 (49·62–54·76)63·88 (60·78–67·84)56·22 (52·80–59·92)61·51 (58·34–64·83)54·29 (51·18–57·82)
Malawi49·89 (48·02–51·91)43·53 (41·08–46·03)47·56 (44·19–51·16)41·45 (38·16–44·72)49·75 (46·64–53·37)43·49 (40·30–46·97)47·18 (44·96–49·62)41·39 (39·05–44·13)62·59 (59·81–65·90)54·63 (51·37–57·95)57·90 (55·27–60·52)50·94 (48·22–53·98)
Mozambique52·80 (51·72–53·94)45·66 (43·25–47·89)48·51 (47·27–49·70)42·25 (40·17–44·09)54·89 (51·81–58·00)47·39 (44·02–50·59)50·33 (48·12–52·56)43·91 (41·18–46·35)62·88 (60·39–65·36)54·32 (51·22–57·53)57·05 (54·88–59·18)49·78 (46·92–52·53)
Rwanda50·78 (49·17–52·31)44·72 (42·38–46·96)47·51 (45·55–49·50)42·13 (39·82–44·32)61·04 (59·22–62·93)53·38 (50·75–55·88)57·93 (56·51–59·53)50·93 (48·55–53·13)69·32 (67·21–71·54)60·74 (57·78–63·78)65·98 (63·86–67·95)58·02 (55·04–60·77)
Somalia51·72 (50·09–53·38)45·34 (42·86–47·64)49·60 (47·49–51·75)43·81 (41·26–46·38)54·55 (52·80–56·31)47·93 (45·51–50·47)53·54 (51·26–55·80)47·33 (44·72–50·09)57·74 (55·75–59·45)50·75 (48·08–53·18)56·64 (54·11–59·07)50·10 (47·03–52·87)
South Sudan53·28 (51·20–55·51)44·83 (41·62–47·86)49·85 (47·40–52·59)42·34 (39·34–45·54)57·77 (54·98–60·99)49·35 (45·93–52·82)55·76 (53·13–58·60)47·94 (44·83–51·03)60·72 (57·90–63·93)52·40 (49·04–55·82)58·71 (56·05–61·53)50·96 (47·77–54·05)
Tanzania55·98 (54·76–57·26)48·69 (46·28–51·04)53·74 (52·07–55·35)47·08 (44·67–49·47)56·72 (54·77–59·54)49·54 (46·90–52·22)55·30 (53·82–56·98)48·68 (46·36–51·06)66·05 (64·28–68·33)57·79 (54·94–60·76)62·59 (60·50–64·45)55·33 (52·61–57·81)
Uganda52·07 (50·38–53·44)44·88 (42·39–47·10)46·34 (43·41–48·89)40·17 (37·23–43·06)55·59 (53·98–57·23)48·16 (45·69–50·66)51·84 (50·37–53·29)45·29 (42·89–47·31)64·75 (62·93–67·01)56·33 (53·55–59·24)59·77 (57·99–61·40)52·45 (50·10–54·90)
Zambia52·33 (50·38–54·59)45·94 (43·52–48·33)52·21 (49·34–54·78)45·87 (42·88–48·71)48·21 (45·39–51·35)42·34 (39·62–45·29)45·23 (43·18–47·31)40·12 (37·88–42·23)61·95 (58·22–66·84)54·14 (50·45–58·71)55·58 (52·54–59·34)49·10 (46·12–52·44)
Central sub-Saharan Africa54·41 (53·25–55·53)46·46 (43·99–48·74)50·83 (49·71–51·99)43·71 (41·49–45·86)56·35 (55·20–57·49)48·42 (45·79–50·67)54·80 (53·60–55·95)47·29 (44·88–49·53)62·80 (61·19–64·43)54·20 (51·34–56·76)60·62 (58·87–62·28)52·58 (49·77–55·26)
Angola52·16 (49·57–55·16)45·20 (42·37–48·22)48·27 (45·63–51·05)42·20 (39·52–45·23)57·13 (54·31–60·11)49·77 (46·75–52·71)56·77 (53·90–59·62)49·56 (46·60–52·46)65·37 (61·78–68·70)56·85 (53·28–60·26)63·94 (60·34–67·08)55·76 (52·30–59·13)
Central African Republic51·04 (48·84–53·26)43·80 (40·92–46·39)45·38 (43·16–47·67)39·24 (36·70–41·72)47·44 (44·14–51·09)41·04 (37·74–44·37)43·21 (40·31–46·22)37·65 (34·73–40·63)52·59 (48·76–56·64)45·60 (41·97–49·45)47·91 (44·46–51·58)41·91 (38·62–45·46)
Congo (Brazzaville)55·96 (53·78–58·10)48·26 (45·37–51·06)52·19 (50·02–54·61)45·47 (42·70–48·24)56·61 (54·64–58·58)48·95 (46·20–51·56)58·33 (56·48–60·14)50·60 (47·97–53·23)62·35 (59·54–65·61)53·99 (50·40–57·77)63·62 (60·10–67·33)55·47 (51·93–59·12)
Democratic Republic of the Congo55·32 (53·74–56·81)46·96 (44·23–49·57)52·33 (50·71–53·96)44·65 (42·09–47·12)56·75 (55·28–58·22)48·53 (45·70–51·08)55·03 (53·48–56·45)47·24 (44·61–49·74)62·72 (60·80–64·53)53·99 (50·96–56·80)60·44 (58·33–62·42)52·26 (49·34–55·04)
Equatorial Guinea49·82 (47·16–52·85)43·11 (40·10–46·00)46·54 (43·66–49·72)40·62 (37·58–43·52)59·26 (54·70–64·65)51·26 (47·01–55·97)58·66 (54·71–63·17)50·91 (46·94–55·13)66·55 (62·28–71·43)57·44 (53·04–61·96)64·49 (60·25–69·11)55·97 (51·95–60·33)
Gabon62·90 (61·23–64·49)54·14 (51·30–56·75)56·02 (54·28–57·83)49·01 (46·57–51·43)61·32 (59·50–63·25)52·87 (50·05–55·57)59·71 (57·34–61·77)52·16 (49·40–54·83)68·31 (65·83–71·18)58·73 (55·38–62·22)64·90 (61·35–68·37)56·59 (52·95–60·04)
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. To download the data in this table, please visit the Global Health Data Exchange. GBD=Global Burden of Disease. HALE=healthy life expectancy. SDI=Socio-demographic index.