The State of US Health, 1990-2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and
Risk Factors

doi:10.1001/jama.2013.13805

Table 2

YLD Numbers in 1990 and 2010 for Both Sexes Combined for the 30 Leading Diseases and Injuries Contributing to YLDs in 2010 in the United States and Percentage Change From 1990 to 2010, Ranked by the Magnitude of YLDs in 2010^a

Diseases and Injuries YLD Rank No. of YLDs (in Thousands) Median Change, %
1990 2010 1990 2010 YLDs Age-Standardized YLD Rate
Low back pain 1 (1-3) 1 (1-3) 2538.00 (1771.4-3427.2) 3180.60 (2179.5-4318.6) 24.9 (13.8 to 38.4) − 3 (− 11.6 to 7.3)
Major depressive disorder 2 (1-5) 2 (1-4) 2142.50 (1525.2-2843.7) 3048.90 (2151.3-4122.3) 42.7 (9.2 to 83.3) 13.4 (− 12.9 to 46.3)
Other musculoskeletal disorders 3 (1-4) 3 (2-4) 2024.40 (1664.7-2311.9) 2602.50 (2138.0-2986.8) 28.5 (18.9 to 38.9) − 0.2 (− 8.0 to 7.8)
Neck pain 4 (2-6) 4 (2-6) 1652.70 (1151.0-2296.4) 2134.40 (1482.6-2934.4) 29.1 (17.4 to 41.1) 0.2 (− 9.1 to 9.5)
Anxiety disorders 5 (2-6) 5 (3-6) 1541.00 (1078.5-2172.8) 1866.10 (1310.2-2569.3) 21.3 (4.7 to 39.5) − 1.5 (− 15.2 to 13.1)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6 (4-9) 6 (3-10) 1304.10 (761.3-2007.2) 1745.40 (1011.9-2601.4) 34.1 (4.6 to 70.9) − 1.5 (− 23.2 to 25.0)
Drug use disorders 7 (6-10) 7 (6-10) 996.9 (722.3-1337.9) 1295.50 (921.6-1725.1) 29.8 (6.5 to 58.6) 20.1 (− 1.4 to 47.1)
Diabetes 8 (7-15) 8 (6-11) 747.7 (506.1-1059.3) 1164.90 (789.1-1648.6) 56.2 (38.4 to 74.8) 11.2 (− 1.4 to 24.5)
Osteoarthritis 12 (8-19) 9 (7-17) 637.6 (393.1-972.0) 994 (611.5-1471.0) 56.1 (28.3 to 88.3) 5.5 (− 13.7 to 27.8)
Asthma 9 (7-19) 10 (7-19) 769.3 (418.1-1229.5) 932 (504.7-1469.3) 21.2 (11.5 to 31.6) − 0.8 (− 9.4 to 8.2)
Falls 15 (10-20) 11 (9-18) 561.9 (381.4-801.1) 864.3 (588.6-1224.8) 54.1 (33.1 to 80.0) 9.6 (− 6.4 to 29.4)
Alzheimer disease 17 (12-21) 12 (10-17) 532.2 (375.9-714.7) 829.9 (594.9-1090.8) 56 (43.9 to 68.9) 3.8 (− 4.1 to 11.8)
Alcohol use disorders 10 (8-17) 13 (8-19) 688.1 (437.3-1018.7) 835.7 (535.8-1222.1) 21.4 (-10.3 to 63.6) − 1.6 (− 27.3 to 32.6)
Migraine 11 (8-18) 14 (8-19) 676.8 (444.7-938.5) 805 (525.4-1136.3) 18.9 (5.5 to 34.4) − 2.6 (− 13.8 to 10.0)
Schizophrenia 13 (8-19) 15 (8-20) 644.2 (410.3-884.9) 825.3 (527.8-1150.1) 27.9 (16.5 to 40.4) − 1.8 (− 11.1 to 8.0)
Ischemic heart disease 16 (10-21) 16 (10-21) 547.1 (351.0-797.0) 685 (452.2-975.1) 25.4 (12.9 to 40.6) − 14.3 (− 22.6 to − 4.3)
Stroke 23 (20-28) 17 (14-20) 320.5 (263.3-375.9) 628.7 (520.2-729.0) 96.4 (82.6 to 110.9) 40 (30.4 to 49.6)
Bipolar disorder 18 (10-25) 18 (11-26) 481 (304.6-709.5) 578 (358.3-854.8) 20.3 (2.2 to 40.7) 1.4 (− 14.0 to 18.8)
Other hearing loss 14 (7-22) 19 (11-26) 585.3 (336.5-967.1) 559.2 (322.5-916.4) -4.3 (-17.2 to 10.1) − 34.1 (− 43.4 to − 23.8)
Dysthymia 19 (12-27) 20 (14-27) 435.9 (286.5-606.0) 545.5 (355.1-765.3) 25 (12.3 to 40.3) − 1.2 (− 11.4 to 10.7)
Sickle cell disorder 21 (11-30) 21 (14-30) 372.6 (202.6-729.4) 472 (272.3-882.5) 28.4 (-21.5 to 109.4) 10.2 (− 33.9 to 86.1)
Chronic kidney disease 27 (21-30) 22 (19-29) 285.2 (203.9-372.1) 410.4 (294.3-545.6) 43.8 (28.5 to 61.3) 4.4 (− 6.7 to 17.9)
Rheumatoid arthritis 24 (20-30) 23 (20-29) 313.9 (223.9-409.4) 403.1 (288.2-528.3) 28.3 (18.0 to 39.3) − 4.8 (− 12.7 to 3.2)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 28 (21-34) 24 (19-30) 258.4 (167.4-389.5) 396.8 (247.6-604.7) 54 (17.0 to 96.3) 3.2 (− 22.1 to 32.4)
Eczema 25 (18-35) 25 (18-34) 303.8 (156.7-483.5) 390.2 (202.4-619.6) 28.7 (16.3 to 41.2) 7.1 (− 4.0 to 18.0)
Road injury 22 (18-29) 26 (20-31) 325.9 (214.0-470.3) 373.1 (249.0-545.9) 14.5 (-7.3 to 41.9) − 9.9 (− 26.8 to 12.1)
Other vision loss 29 (16-41) 27 (14-39) 270.6 (118.8-551.2) 375 (162.2-762.4) 39.3 (-20.6 to 151.1) 0.7 (− 42.6 to 81.0)
Edentulism 20 (14-28) 28 (22-37) 386.2 (220.2-618.2) 314.5 (182.1-499.4) -18.9 (-28.5 to -7.3) − 41.9 (− 48.9 to − 33.7)
Diarrheal diseases 26 (20-30) 29 (25-36) 293.8 (196.1-418.1) 283.3 (189.8-409.5) -3.4 (-14.9 to 7.2) − 21.9 (− 31.1 to − 12.9)
Epilepsy 30 (26-37) 30 (25-37) 208.6 (157.3-268.1) 260.7 (199.7-334.6) 25 (10.5 to 41.7) 2.9 (− 9.0 to 17.0)

Abbreviation: YLD, years lived with disability.
^a95% uncertainty intervals are shown in parentheses for all data.

Diseases and Injuries	YLD Rank		No. of YLDs (in Thousands)		Median Change, %
Diseases and Injuries	1990	2010	1990	2010	YLDs	Age-Standardized YLD Rate
Low back pain	1 (1-3)	1 (1-3)	2538.00 (1771.4-3427.2)	3180.60 (2179.5-4318.6)	24.9 (13.8 to 38.4)	− 3 (− 11.6 to 7.3)
Major depressive disorder	2 (1-5)	2 (1-4)	2142.50 (1525.2-2843.7)	3048.90 (2151.3-4122.3)	42.7 (9.2 to 83.3)	13.4 (− 12.9 to 46.3)
Other musculoskeletal disorders	3 (1-4)	3 (2-4)	2024.40 (1664.7-2311.9)	2602.50 (2138.0-2986.8)	28.5 (18.9 to 38.9)	− 0.2 (− 8.0 to 7.8)
Neck pain	4 (2-6)	4 (2-6)	1652.70 (1151.0-2296.4)	2134.40 (1482.6-2934.4)	29.1 (17.4 to 41.1)	0.2 (− 9.1 to 9.5)
Anxiety disorders	5 (2-6)	5 (3-6)	1541.00 (1078.5-2172.8)	1866.10 (1310.2-2569.3)	21.3 (4.7 to 39.5)	− 1.5 (− 15.2 to 13.1)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	6 (4-9)	6 (3-10)	1304.10 (761.3-2007.2)	1745.40 (1011.9-2601.4)	34.1 (4.6 to 70.9)	− 1.5 (− 23.2 to 25.0)
Drug use disorders	7 (6-10)	7 (6-10)	996.9 (722.3-1337.9)	1295.50 (921.6-1725.1)	29.8 (6.5 to 58.6)	20.1 (− 1.4 to 47.1)
Diabetes	8 (7-15)	8 (6-11)	747.7 (506.1-1059.3)	1164.90 (789.1-1648.6)	56.2 (38.4 to 74.8)	11.2 (− 1.4 to 24.5)
Osteoarthritis	12 (8-19)	9 (7-17)	637.6 (393.1-972.0)	994 (611.5-1471.0)	56.1 (28.3 to 88.3)	5.5 (− 13.7 to 27.8)
Asthma	9 (7-19)	10 (7-19)	769.3 (418.1-1229.5)	932 (504.7-1469.3)	21.2 (11.5 to 31.6)	− 0.8 (− 9.4 to 8.2)
Falls	15 (10-20)	11 (9-18)	561.9 (381.4-801.1)	864.3 (588.6-1224.8)	54.1 (33.1 to 80.0)	9.6 (− 6.4 to 29.4)
Alzheimer disease	17 (12-21)	12 (10-17)	532.2 (375.9-714.7)	829.9 (594.9-1090.8)	56 (43.9 to 68.9)	3.8 (− 4.1 to 11.8)
Alcohol use disorders	10 (8-17)	13 (8-19)	688.1 (437.3-1018.7)	835.7 (535.8-1222.1)	21.4 (-10.3 to 63.6)	− 1.6 (− 27.3 to 32.6)
Migraine	11 (8-18)	14 (8-19)	676.8 (444.7-938.5)	805 (525.4-1136.3)	18.9 (5.5 to 34.4)	− 2.6 (− 13.8 to 10.0)
Schizophrenia	13 (8-19)	15 (8-20)	644.2 (410.3-884.9)	825.3 (527.8-1150.1)	27.9 (16.5 to 40.4)	− 1.8 (− 11.1 to 8.0)
Ischemic heart disease	16 (10-21)	16 (10-21)	547.1 (351.0-797.0)	685 (452.2-975.1)	25.4 (12.9 to 40.6)	− 14.3 (− 22.6 to − 4.3)
Stroke	23 (20-28)	17 (14-20)	320.5 (263.3-375.9)	628.7 (520.2-729.0)	96.4 (82.6 to 110.9)	40 (30.4 to 49.6)
Bipolar disorder	18 (10-25)	18 (11-26)	481 (304.6-709.5)	578 (358.3-854.8)	20.3 (2.2 to 40.7)	1.4 (− 14.0 to 18.8)
Other hearing loss	14 (7-22)	19 (11-26)	585.3 (336.5-967.1)	559.2 (322.5-916.4)	-4.3 (-17.2 to 10.1)	− 34.1 (− 43.4 to − 23.8)
Dysthymia	19 (12-27)	20 (14-27)	435.9 (286.5-606.0)	545.5 (355.1-765.3)	25 (12.3 to 40.3)	− 1.2 (− 11.4 to 10.7)
Sickle cell disorder	21 (11-30)	21 (14-30)	372.6 (202.6-729.4)	472 (272.3-882.5)	28.4 (-21.5 to 109.4)	10.2 (− 33.9 to 86.1)
Chronic kidney disease	27 (21-30)	22 (19-29)	285.2 (203.9-372.1)	410.4 (294.3-545.6)	43.8 (28.5 to 61.3)	4.4 (− 6.7 to 17.9)
Rheumatoid arthritis	24 (20-30)	23 (20-29)	313.9 (223.9-409.4)	403.1 (288.2-528.3)	28.3 (18.0 to 39.3)	− 4.8 (− 12.7 to 3.2)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia	28 (21-34)	24 (19-30)	258.4 (167.4-389.5)	396.8 (247.6-604.7)	54 (17.0 to 96.3)	3.2 (− 22.1 to 32.4)
Eczema	25 (18-35)	25 (18-34)	303.8 (156.7-483.5)	390.2 (202.4-619.6)	28.7 (16.3 to 41.2)	7.1 (− 4.0 to 18.0)
Road injury	22 (18-29)	26 (20-31)	325.9 (214.0-470.3)	373.1 (249.0-545.9)	14.5 (-7.3 to 41.9)	− 9.9 (− 26.8 to 12.1)
Other vision loss	29 (16-41)	27 (14-39)	270.6 (118.8-551.2)	375 (162.2-762.4)	39.3 (-20.6 to 151.1)	0.7 (− 42.6 to 81.0)
Edentulism	20 (14-28)	28 (22-37)	386.2 (220.2-618.2)	314.5 (182.1-499.4)	-18.9 (-28.5 to -7.3)	− 41.9 (− 48.9 to − 33.7)
Diarrheal diseases	26 (20-30)	29 (25-36)	293.8 (196.1-418.1)	283.3 (189.8-409.5)	-3.4 (-14.9 to 7.2)	− 21.9 (− 31.1 to − 12.9)
Epilepsy	30 (26-37)	30 (25-37)	208.6 (157.3-268.1)	260.7 (199.7-334.6)	25 (10.5 to 41.7)	2.9 (− 9.0 to 17.0)