Table 1

Table of results for back pain papers.

AuthorReferenceDesignN/NpMain Results
Hurwitz5Random sample of chiropractors from 6 sites185/131 (70%)68% of charts documented care for LBP; SMT was documented in 83% of charts. Chiropractic use rate has doubled in the past 15 years.
Shekelle6Analysis of insurance claims forms from 6 sites5279Visit rate for chiropractic was 41 per 100 person-years and rate of use of 7.5%
Cote8Mail survey2184/1131 (55%)People seeking care for back pain have worse health care status than those who do not.
Kelner9Interviews30087% of chiropractic patients sought care for LBP, with 77% believing their health care problem was serious in nature.
Walker10Mail survey1768/1913 (69.1%)55.5% of respondents with LBP in past 6 months did not seek care for it. Increased care seeking was associated with greater pain and disability, fear of pain impacting future activities, and female sex.
Sherman11Telephone interviews249Chiropractic was used the highest percentage of patients (54%); chiropractic patients had the highest rate of treatment-related discomfort of all groups.
Caswell12Self-reporting questionnaires15036% of the conventional therapy group had used at least 1 CAM therapy, while 62 of people in the CAM group had used conventional care. The higher the sociodemographic group, the likelier you were to use CAM.
Sundararajan13Prospective cohort study1580Factors associated with seeing multiple providers included presence of sciatica, higher Roland-Morris score, days to functional recovery and duration of pain prior to first visit.
Scheumier14Retrospective/prospective observational study194 retrospective;
344 prospective
There was a substantial shift of referrals to manipulation practitioners under the scheme. Prospective patients had fewer referrals to secondary care, less drug use, and fewer certififed sickness days. Chiropractors used more x-ray than other practitioners.
Jamison15Mail survey820/230 (27%)Referral for visceral conditions met with little support; referral for LBP with frequent support
Leboeuf-Yde16Patient interviews by chiropractors96/66 (66%)82% of patients sought care for LBP; few sought care for visceral problems; most patients had short-term problems.
Cherkin17Random sample surveyAcu: 217/133 (61%)
Chiro: 205/130 (63%)
MT: 226/126 (56%)
Naturo:170/99 (58%)
For chiropractic: woman made up 60% of visits; children 4%; older folks 20%; African American and Hispanic <10%; 80% of visits were by self referral; DCs provided equal amounts of chronic and acute care; back symptoms most common reason for seeking care.
Feuerstein19Analysis of National Medical Expenditure StudiesPercentage of people receiving chiropractic care was lower in 1997 compared to 1987, while percent of those receiving physical therapy grew.
Mayer22Mail survey450/158 (35%)~75% of chiropractors use 6 or more exercises for treating patients with LBP
Whitman23Interviews131There was a significant interaction between time and specialty certification status, but this disappeared on regression analysis.
Smith24Claims data analysis9314 care episodesTotal payments within and across episodes were much greater for medically initiated episodes compared to chiropractic ones.
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