Patient willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.002

Table 3.

Ordinary Least Squares Regression Models Predicting Patients’ Log-Transformed Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Pain Reductions to Zero for Full Sample

	Base Models		Full Models
Variable	Chronic Low- Back Pain	Chronic Neck Pain	Chronic Low- Back Pain	Chronic Neck Pain
N	865	718	865	718
(Intercept)	4.27 (0.22)^‡	3.87 (0.28)^‡	3.68 (0.57)^‡	3.14 (0.49)^‡
Actual Pain Rating (0–10 scale)	0.06 (0.02)^‡	0.07 (0.02)^‡	0.06 (0.02)^†	0.07 (0.02)^†
Projected Pain Minus Actual Pain Income Level (Ref: Less than $20,000)	0.03 (0.02)	0.04 (0.02)^*	0.03 (0.02)	0.05 (0.02)^*
$20,000 to $29,999	0.13 (0.21)	0.46 (0.31)	0.05 (0.24)	0.74 (0.35)^*
$30,000 to $39,999	0.18 (0.20)	0.26 (0.31)	0.11 (0.21)	0.26 (0.33)
$40,000 to $49,999	0.30 (0.20)	0.49 (0.27)	0.20 (0.23)	0.62 (0.31)^*
$50,000 to $59,999	0.39 (0.19)^*	0.48 (0.28)	0.34 (0.21)	0.53 (0.31)
$60,000 to $79,999	0.33 (0.19)	0.36 (0.27)	0.21 (0.21)	0.43 (0.30)
$80,000 to $99,999	0.40 (0.19)^*	0.50 (0.27)	0.32 (0.21)	0.57 (0.30)
$100,000 to $199,999	0.59 (0.18)^†	0.61 (0.26)^*	0.51 (0.21)^*	0.64 (0.29)^*
$200,000 or more	0.37 (0.20)	0.72 (0.29)^*	0.25 (0.24)	0.63 (0.33)
Prefer not to answer	0.28 (0.19)	0.44 (0.28)	0.28 (0.21)	0.56 (0.32)
Not stated	−0.07 (0.18)	0.39 (0.28)	0.16 (0.29)	0.99 (0.46)^*
Not Working (Ref: Working Full or Part-Time)	−0.15 (0.07)^*	−0.11 (0.09)	0.01 (0.09)	−0.04 (0.12)
Working Full or Part-Time: Not stated Years with Pain (Ref: Less than 1 Year)	0.34 (0.42)	−0.69 (0.25)^†	−0.01 (0.31)	−0.29 (0.32)
1 Year to Less than 2 Years	0.05 (0.13)	0.09 (0.17)	0.08 (0.14)	0.01 (0.18)
2 Years to Less than 5 Years	−0.02 (0.12)	0.01 (0.12)	−0.06 (0.12)	0.04 (0.14)
5 Years to Less than 10 Years	−0.16 (0.11)	−0.06 (0.12)	−0.11 (0.12)	−0.12 (0.14)
10+ Years	−0.10 (0.09)	−0.07 (0.10)	−0.05 (0.10)	−0.07 (0.12)
Unknown	−0.07 (0.22)	−0.30 (0.17)	0.09 (0.24)	−0.27 (0.24)
Age in Years (Ref: Less than 30)
30 – 49 Years			−0.08 (0.12)	0.05 (0.13)
50 – 64 Years			−0.09 (0.12)	−0.12 (0.14)
65+ Years			−0.43 (0.14)^†	−0.24 (0.19)
Gender: Female (Ref: Male)			−0.16 (0.07)^*	−0.19 (0.11)
Gender: Other, Unknown			−0.54 (0.32)	−0.13 (0.28)
Depression (PROMIS >= 52.5; Ref: Not)			0.08 (0.08)	−0.13 (0.08)
Less than a 4-Year Degree (Ref: >=4- Year)			0.04 (0.06)	−0.09 (0.08)
Education: Not Stated			0.00 (0.25)	−0.03 (0.45)

WTP = Willingness to pay

^*Differences are statistically significant at p<.05.

^†Differences are statistically significant at p<.01.

^‡Differences are statistically significant at p<.001.