US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016

doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0734

Table 3.

Health Care Estimated Spending in 2016 for the 54 Least Expensive of the 154 Health Conditions Analyzed

Health
Care
Spending
Rank
(High
to Low) Health Condition Category
Code^b Health Care Spending, 2016 $Billion
(95% CI) Estimate, %^a
Aggregated Age Group, y Type of Payer Type of Care Government
Administration
and Net Cost of Insurance Programs
<20 20-64 ≥65 Public
Insurance Private
Insurance Out-
of-Pocket Payments Ambulatory Inpatient Prescribed
Pharmaceuticals Nursing
Care
Facility ED Dental
101 Counseling services I 2.0 (1.7-2.4) 13.3 64.7 22.0 37.1 44.1 18.8 41.1 5.9 42.7 1.0 0.5 0 8.8
102 Complications of abortion D 2.0 (1.8-2.2) 4.5 95.5 0 43.3 50.1 6.6 17.9 32.9 0.2 0 38.9 0 10.1
103 Protein-energy malnutrition D 2.0 (1.6-2.4) 15.3 43.5 41.2 50.4 44.6 5.0 36.4 47.7 0 5.7 0 0 10.2
104 Tobacco intervention M 1.9 (1.5-2.3) 2.2 75.6 22.2 48.5 43.5 8.0 22.3 55.5 0.9 2.7 8.8 0 9.9
105 Meningitis D 1.8 (1.5-2.2) 18.4 62.2 19.4 45.3 50.4 4.3 5.8 80.5 0 2.6 0.8 0 10.4
106 Vascular intestinal disorders J 1.8 (1.6-2.0) 1.4 40.6 58.0 57.7 39.6 2.7 1.8 85.8 0 1.9 0.1 0 10.3
107 Liver cancer K 1.7 (1.5-2.1) 4.4 58.3 37.3 36.8 57.7 5.5 19.3 56.2 12.8 1.3 0 0 10.4
108 Other nutritional deficiencies D 1.7 (1.3-2.3) 8.4 46.9 44.7 42.4 47.3 10.4 44.8 26.0 3.7 15.8 0 0 9.7
109 Hypertensive heart disease C 1.6 (1.5-1.9) 8.6 44.2 47.2 48.9 43.9 7.2 11.7 45.3 16.6 10.4 6.0 0 10.0
110 Fire, heat, and hot substances F 1.6 (1.3-1.9) 31.4 50.8 17.8 39.1 49.5 11.4 21.4 54.0 1.1 1.0 12.8 0 9.6
111 Ovarian cancer K 1.6 (1.3-2.0) 0.9 65.7 33.4 37.0 57.7 5.3 30.1 58.1 0 1.4 0 0 10.4
112 Maternal sepsis; other pregnancy-related infection^c D 1.5 (1.3-1.7) 9.6 90.4 0 48.7 47.3 4.0 3.1 61.4 0.1 0 25.1 0 10.3
113 Stomach cancer K 1.5 (1.2-2.0) 0.4 49.2 50.5 49.0 48.6 2.4 1.5 74.1 0 13.7 0.1 0 10.5
114 Maternal hemorrhage D 1.4 (1.1-1.7) 3.9 96.1 0 41.3 54.0 4.7 4.2 74.0 0 0 11.4 0 10.4
115 Malignant skin melanoma K 1.4 (1.3-1.6) 4.4 60.2 35.4 31.3 44.4 24.3 60.7 4.1 26.1 0.8 0 0 8.3
116 Hemolytic disease in fetus/newborn; other neonatal disorders^d D 1.4 (0.9-1.9) 100 0 0 34.1 61.7 4.2 4.3 84.4 0 0 0.7 0 10.6
117 Mouth cancer K 1.4 (1.1-1.6) 0.7 61.2 38.1 41.4 54.8 3.8 28.6 59.5 0 1.4 0 0 10.5
118 Other mental and behavioral disorders G 1.3 (1.2-1.5) 24.7 57.0 18.3 51.7 38.0 10.3 40.6 35.2 13.2 0.9 0.5 0 9.5
119 Sepsis; other infectious newborn disorders D 1.3 (0.8-1.7) 100 0 0 33.8 62.0 4.2 1.4 87.4 0 0 0.6 0 10.6
120 Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV excluded) D 1.1 (1.0-1.2) 7.9 85.4 6.8 37.3 52.7 10.0 23.5 43.6 0.5 1.0 21.6 0 9.8
121 Uterine cancer K 1.1 (0.9-1.2) 2.2 65.1 32.7 34.1 63.0 2.9 14.2 73.5 0.1 1.5 0 0 10.7
122 Esophageal cancer K 1.1 (0.9-1.3) 0.4 53.4 46.2 42.6 54.5 2.9 24.7 62.3 0 2.4 0 0 10.6
123 Varicella D 1.0 (0.9-1.1) 14.9 43.9 41.3 50.7 34.3 15.0 37.5 21.5 17.0 3.9 11.1 0 9.0
124 Social services I 1.0 (0.1-1.9) 1.4 93.9 4.7 9.5 56.9 33.6 81.6 9.6 0 1.2 0 0 7.6
125 Thyroid cancer K 0.9 (0.8-1.0) 4.4 72.8 22.8 26.6 64.0 9.3 49.2 37.9 2.4 0.5 0 0 10.1
126 Hodgkin lymphoma K 0.9 (0.6-1.2) 13.8 76.7 9.4 20.8 71.5 7.7 40.3 48.9 0 0.4 0 0 10.4
127 Cervical cancer K 0.8 (0.7-1.0) 3.0 83.8 13.2 35.8 56.2 8.0 54.1 34.1 1.0 0.6 0.1 0 10.1
128 Encephalitis D 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 14.5 48.5 37.0 58.1 37.5 4.4 0.7 84.3 0 4.9 0 0 10.1
129 Other transport injuries^e F 0.8 (0.6-1.0) 30.7 60.4 8.8 26.9 66.2 6.9 33.3 21.2 0.4 0.6 34.1 0 10.4
130 Larynx cancer K 0.8 (0.6-1.0) 0.5 55.6 43.9 40.3 56.4 3.3 38.7 48.2 0 2.5 0 0 10.6
131 Other pharynx cancer K 0.7 (0.5-0.8) 0.7 75.0 24.3 27.4 68.4 4.2 52.7 35.0 0 0.9 0.7 0 10.7
132 Conduct disorder G 0.6 (0.5-0.8) 75.2 24.8 0 77.8 18.8 3.4 59.6 22.7 4.6 0 3.2 0 9.9
133 Neglected tropical diseases; malaria^f D 0.6 (0.5-0.7) 19.1 58.7 22.2 22.5 61.5 16.0 47.6 32.8 6.6 1.7 1.9 0 9.4
134 Idiopathic intellectual disability G 0.5 (0.4-0.7) 18.3 54.4 27.4 82.8 8.3 8.9 34.8 17.1 0.1 38.8 0 0 9.1
135 Eating disorders G 0.5 (0.4-0.6) 57.4 42.6 0 53.4 39.3 7.3 28.5 60.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0 9.9
136 Tuberculosis D 0.5 (0.4-0.6) 14.9 58.0 27.2 53.4 33.2 13.4 39.2 47.7 0.5 3.6 0 0 9.1
137 Tension-type headache H 0.4 (0.3-0.5) 14.3 69.1 16.6 25.0 57.5 17.5 76.0 1.1 11.9 0.2 1.6 0 9.2
138 Testicular cancer K 0.4 (0.3-0.7) 4.8 90.2 5.0 10.4 82.0 7.6 60.3 28.8 0 0.2 0 0 10.6
139 Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer K 0.4 (0.3-0.4) 0 47.6 52.4 49.2 48.7 2.1 0 88.2 0 1.2 0 0 10.5
140 Organ donation (harvesting) I 0.3 (0.2-0.3) 4.1 92.5 3.4 52.8 42.6 4.6 0 89.7 0 0 0.1 0 10.2
141 Pneumoconiosis L 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 1.7 20.3 78.0 63.6 32.0 4.4 76.4 12.3 0.2 1.0 0 0 10.0
142 Drowning F 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 44.6 40.1 15.3 49.2 45.9 4.9 12.8 74.0 0.1 0.1 2.8 0 10.2
143 Nasopharynx cancer K 0.1 (0-0.1) 19.7 62.3 18.1 25.7 71.7 2.6 2.3 83.5 0 1.0 2.4 0 10.9
144 Acute glomerulonephritis B 0 (0-0) 16.6 49.7 33.6 47.2 50.0 2.8 0 85.7 0 0.7 3.0 0 10.5
145 Whooping cough D 0 (0-0) 84.6 15.4 0 60.2 37.1 2.7 0 82.6 0 0 7.2 0 10.3
146 Collective violence; legal intervention F 0 (0-0) 26.3 54.8 18.9 39.0 55.9 5.1 11.9 52.1 0.7 1.2 23.6 0 10.4
147 Exposure to forces of nature^g F 0 (0-0) 24.9 51.6 23.5 40.7 54.8 4.5 17.4 71.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 10.4
148 Intestinal infectious diseases^h D 0 (0-0) 40.1 53.8 6.0 47.1 47.6 5.3 0 86.9 0 2.8 0 0 10.2
149 Iodine deficiency D 0 (0-0) 1.9 13.0 85.0 49.4 20.8 29.8 3.0 1.5 60.1 28.1 0 0 7.3
150 Tetanus D 0 (0-0) 17.5 61.8 20.7 46.9 46.5 6.6 5.9 77.2 0.5 6.3 0.1 0 10.1
151 Vitamin A deficiency D 0 (0-0) 7.6 10.6 81.8 61.0 27.3 11.7 0 0.7 0 81.6 8.5 0 9.2
152 Leprosy D 0 (0-0) 14.7 12.5 72.8 70.1 13.9 16.0 0 2.3 0 88.9 0.3 0 8.5
153 Diphtheria D 0 (0-0) 43.5 56.5 0 43.2 52.8 3.9 0 31.2 0 1.5 56.9 0 10.4
154 Measles D 0 (0-0) 29.5 70.5 0 69.9 22.7 7.5 0 26.8 13.1 50.5 0.1 0 9.5

Abbreviation: ED, emergency department.
^a The 95% CIs appear in eTable 12.1 in the Supplement.
^b The corresponding aggregated health category descriptions appear in Table 1.
^c Includes major puerperal infection.
^d Includes jaundice and hemolytic disease.
^e Includes injuries from riding animals and those occurring in vehicles other than automobiles (such as buses, planes, and trains).
^f Includes Lyme disease, rabies, cysticercosis, and dengue.
^g Includes injuries for excessive cold or heat, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes.
^hIncludes Escherichia coli, giardiasis, and typhoid fever.

Health Care Spending Rank (High to Low)	Health Condition	Category Code^b	Health Care Spending, 2016 $Billion (95% CI)	Estimate, %^a
				Aggregated Age Group, y			Type of Payer			Type of Care						Government Administration and Net Cost of Insurance Programs
				<20	20-64	≥65	Public Insurance	Private Insurance	Out- of-Pocket Payments	Ambulatory	Inpatient	Prescribed Pharmaceuticals	Nursing Care Facility	ED	Dental
101	Counseling services	I	2.0 (1.7-2.4)	13.3	64.7	22.0	37.1	44.1	18.8	41.1	5.9	42.7	1.0	0.5	0	8.8
102	Complications of abortion	D	2.0 (1.8-2.2)	4.5	95.5	0	43.3	50.1	6.6	17.9	32.9	0.2	0	38.9	0	10.1
103	Protein-energy malnutrition	D	2.0 (1.6-2.4)	15.3	43.5	41.2	50.4	44.6	5.0	36.4	47.7	0	5.7	0	0	10.2
104	Tobacco intervention	M	1.9 (1.5-2.3)	2.2	75.6	22.2	48.5	43.5	8.0	22.3	55.5	0.9	2.7	8.8	0	9.9
105	Meningitis	D	1.8 (1.5-2.2)	18.4	62.2	19.4	45.3	50.4	4.3	5.8	80.5	0	2.6	0.8	0	10.4
106	Vascular intestinal disorders	J	1.8 (1.6-2.0)	1.4	40.6	58.0	57.7	39.6	2.7	1.8	85.8	0	1.9	0.1	0	10.3
107	Liver cancer	K	1.7 (1.5-2.1)	4.4	58.3	37.3	36.8	57.7	5.5	19.3	56.2	12.8	1.3	0	0	10.4
108	Other nutritional deficiencies	D	1.7 (1.3-2.3)	8.4	46.9	44.7	42.4	47.3	10.4	44.8	26.0	3.7	15.8	0	0	9.7
109	Hypertensive heart disease	C	1.6 (1.5-1.9)	8.6	44.2	47.2	48.9	43.9	7.2	11.7	45.3	16.6	10.4	6.0	0	10.0
110	Fire, heat, and hot substances	F	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	31.4	50.8	17.8	39.1	49.5	11.4	21.4	54.0	1.1	1.0	12.8	0	9.6
111	Ovarian cancer	K	1.6 (1.3-2.0)	0.9	65.7	33.4	37.0	57.7	5.3	30.1	58.1	0	1.4	0	0	10.4
112	Maternal sepsis; other pregnancy-related infection^c	D	1.5 (1.3-1.7)	9.6	90.4	0	48.7	47.3	4.0	3.1	61.4	0.1	0	25.1	0	10.3
113	Stomach cancer	K	1.5 (1.2-2.0)	0.4	49.2	50.5	49.0	48.6	2.4	1.5	74.1	0	13.7	0.1	0	10.5
114	Maternal hemorrhage	D	1.4 (1.1-1.7)	3.9	96.1	0	41.3	54.0	4.7	4.2	74.0	0	0	11.4	0	10.4
115	Malignant skin melanoma	K	1.4 (1.3-1.6)	4.4	60.2	35.4	31.3	44.4	24.3	60.7	4.1	26.1	0.8	0	0	8.3
116	Hemolytic disease in fetus/newborn; other neonatal disorders^d	D	1.4 (0.9-1.9)	100	0	0	34.1	61.7	4.2	4.3	84.4	0	0	0.7	0	10.6
117	Mouth cancer	K	1.4 (1.1-1.6)	0.7	61.2	38.1	41.4	54.8	3.8	28.6	59.5	0	1.4	0	0	10.5
118	Other mental and behavioral disorders	G	1.3 (1.2-1.5)	24.7	57.0	18.3	51.7	38.0	10.3	40.6	35.2	13.2	0.9	0.5	0	9.5
119	Sepsis; other infectious newborn disorders	D	1.3 (0.8-1.7)	100	0	0	33.8	62.0	4.2	1.4	87.4	0	0	0.6	0	10.6
120	Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV excluded)	D	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	7.9	85.4	6.8	37.3	52.7	10.0	23.5	43.6	0.5	1.0	21.6	0	9.8
121	Uterine cancer	K	1.1 (0.9-1.2)	2.2	65.1	32.7	34.1	63.0	2.9	14.2	73.5	0.1	1.5	0	0	10.7
122	Esophageal cancer	K	1.1 (0.9-1.3)	0.4	53.4	46.2	42.6	54.5	2.9	24.7	62.3	0	2.4	0	0	10.6
123	Varicella	D	1.0 (0.9-1.1)	14.9	43.9	41.3	50.7	34.3	15.0	37.5	21.5	17.0	3.9	11.1	0	9.0
124	Social services	I	1.0 (0.1-1.9)	1.4	93.9	4.7	9.5	56.9	33.6	81.6	9.6	0	1.2	0	0	7.6
125	Thyroid cancer	K	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	4.4	72.8	22.8	26.6	64.0	9.3	49.2	37.9	2.4	0.5	0	0	10.1
126	Hodgkin lymphoma	K	0.9 (0.6-1.2)	13.8	76.7	9.4	20.8	71.5	7.7	40.3	48.9	0	0.4	0	0	10.4
127	Cervical cancer	K	0.8 (0.7-1.0)	3.0	83.8	13.2	35.8	56.2	8.0	54.1	34.1	1.0	0.6	0.1	0	10.1
128	Encephalitis	D	0.8 (0.7-0.9)	14.5	48.5	37.0	58.1	37.5	4.4	0.7	84.3	0	4.9	0	0	10.1
129	Other transport injuries^e	F	0.8 (0.6-1.0)	30.7	60.4	8.8	26.9	66.2	6.9	33.3	21.2	0.4	0.6	34.1	0	10.4
130	Larynx cancer	K	0.8 (0.6-1.0)	0.5	55.6	43.9	40.3	56.4	3.3	38.7	48.2	0	2.5	0	0	10.6
131	Other pharynx cancer	K	0.7 (0.5-0.8)	0.7	75.0	24.3	27.4	68.4	4.2	52.7	35.0	0	0.9	0.7	0	10.7
132	Conduct disorder	G	0.6 (0.5-0.8)	75.2	24.8	0	77.8	18.8	3.4	59.6	22.7	4.6	0	3.2	0	9.9
133	Neglected tropical diseases; malaria^f	D	0.6 (0.5-0.7)	19.1	58.7	22.2	22.5	61.5	16.0	47.6	32.8	6.6	1.7	1.9	0	9.4
134	Idiopathic intellectual disability	G	0.5 (0.4-0.7)	18.3	54.4	27.4	82.8	8.3	8.9	34.8	17.1	0.1	38.8	0	0	9.1
135	Eating disorders	G	0.5 (0.4-0.6)	57.4	42.6	0	53.4	39.3	7.3	28.5	60.2	1.2	0.1	0.1	0	9.9
136	Tuberculosis	D	0.5 (0.4-0.6)	14.9	58.0	27.2	53.4	33.2	13.4	39.2	47.7	0.5	3.6	0	0	9.1
137	Tension-type headache	H	0.4 (0.3-0.5)	14.3	69.1	16.6	25.0	57.5	17.5	76.0	1.1	11.9	0.2	1.6	0	9.2
138	Testicular cancer	K	0.4 (0.3-0.7)	4.8	90.2	5.0	10.4	82.0	7.6	60.3	28.8	0	0.2	0	0	10.6
139	Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer	K	0.4 (0.3-0.4)	0	47.6	52.4	49.2	48.7	2.1	0	88.2	0	1.2	0	0	10.5
140	Organ donation (harvesting)	I	0.3 (0.2-0.3)	4.1	92.5	3.4	52.8	42.6	4.6	0	89.7	0	0	0.1	0	10.2
141	Pneumoconiosis	L	0.2 (0.1-0.3)	1.7	20.3	78.0	63.6	32.0	4.4	76.4	12.3	0.2	1.0	0	0	10.0
142	Drowning	F	0.1 (0.1-0.1)	44.6	40.1	15.3	49.2	45.9	4.9	12.8	74.0	0.1	0.1	2.8	0	10.2
143	Nasopharynx cancer	K	0.1 (0-0.1)	19.7	62.3	18.1	25.7	71.7	2.6	2.3	83.5	0	1.0	2.4	0	10.9
144	Acute glomerulonephritis	B	0 (0-0)	16.6	49.7	33.6	47.2	50.0	2.8	0	85.7	0	0.7	3.0	0	10.5
145	Whooping cough	D	0 (0-0)	84.6	15.4	0	60.2	37.1	2.7	0	82.6	0	0	7.2	0	10.3
146	Collective violence; legal intervention	F	0 (0-0)	26.3	54.8	18.9	39.0	55.9	5.1	11.9	52.1	0.7	1.2	23.6	0	10.4
147	Exposure to forces of nature^g	F	0 (0-0)	24.9	51.6	23.5	40.7	54.8	4.5	17.4	71.7	0.1	0.2	0.1	0	10.4
148	Intestinal infectious diseases^h	D	0 (0-0)	40.1	53.8	6.0	47.1	47.6	5.3	0	86.9	0	2.8	0	0	10.2
149	Iodine deficiency	D	0 (0-0)	1.9	13.0	85.0	49.4	20.8	29.8	3.0	1.5	60.1	28.1	0	0	7.3
150	Tetanus	D	0 (0-0)	17.5	61.8	20.7	46.9	46.5	6.6	5.9	77.2	0.5	6.3	0.1	0	10.1
151	Vitamin A deficiency	D	0 (0-0)	7.6	10.6	81.8	61.0	27.3	11.7	0	0.7	0	81.6	8.5	0	9.2
152	Leprosy	D	0 (0-0)	14.7	12.5	72.8	70.1	13.9	16.0	0	2.3	0	88.9	0.3	0	8.5
153	Diphtheria	D	0 (0-0)	43.5	56.5	0	43.2	52.8	3.9	0	31.2	0	1.5	56.9	0	10.4
154	Measles	D	0 (0-0)	29.5	70.5	0	69.9	22.7	7.5	0	26.8	13.1	50.5	0.1	0	9.5