Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-30

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Nutr J. 2007; 6: 30.

Published online 2007 Oct 24. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-30

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Table 2

Characteristics of the three supplement user groups: multiple dietary supplement users (Multiple Supp) from Shaklee, and multivitamin/mineral users (Single Supp) and non-users (No Supp) from NHANES 2001–2002.

Characteristic	No Supp n = 602	Single Supp n = 176	Multiple Supp n = 278	P-value*
Sex (% female)	40.5	44.6	57.9	<0.0001
Race (% white)	100	100	98.9
Age, years (mean, SE)	53.7 (0.59)	57.0 (0.99)	63.3 (0.48)	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²(mean, SE)	29.4 (0.32)	27.9 (0.46)	25.9 (0.31)	<0.001
Education (%)				<0.0001
< High School Graduate	16.8	14.7	1.8
High School Graduate	29.1	30.1	12.2
> High School Graduate	54.2	55.2	86.0

Annual income (%)				<0.0001
< $30,000	19.7	17.3	2.5
$30,000–39,999	16.4	14.4	6.8
$40,000–49,999	18.2	19.9	4.7
$50,000–59,999	6.9	10.2	13.3
$60,000–69,999	6.3	3.3	10.8
≥ $70,000	32.6	34.9	61.9

*Differences among the supplement user groups were evaluated using chi-square methods for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables.
BMI = body mass index.