Table 1
Bioavailability of glyceollins.
| Animal Model | Treatment | Sample | Time | Method of Measure | Major Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female monkey (Macaca fascicularis) | Diet containing glyceollin mixture 1, 134 mg/day representing 50% of total isoflavonoids in the diet | Plasma | 4 h and 24 h post administration (postad) | Liquid chromatographic-photodiode array mass spectrometric analysis | Plasma concentration of glyceollins: - 4 h: 134.2 ± 34.6 nmol/L, representing only 11.6 % of the plasma isoflavonoids level - 24 h: Undetectable ˂ 1 nmol/L | Wood et al. [40] |
| Male ZDSD/Pco rat | Glyceollin mixture, gavage, 30 and 90 mg/kg | Plasma | 20, 60, 120 and 240 minutes (min) postad | HPLC-electrospray ionization-MS/MS | Plama concentration of glyceollins: - 20 min: Starts to be detectable - the next 220 min: Remains stable For dose 30 mg/kg: Ranges from 81.2 to 118.4 ng/mL For dose 60 mg/kg: Ranges from 118.2 to 159.0 ng/mL - 60 min: Peak concentration | Boué et al. 2012 [41] |
| Glyceollin mixture, gavage, 90 mg/kg/days for 2 weeks | Plasma, feces, and urine | Plasma: 3 h postad Feces: Once daily for 2 weeks Urine: 24 h collection postad a single dose | Precursor and product ion scanning using liquid chromatography coupled online with Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry | - Rapidly absorption, glyceollins undergo phase I and phase II metabolism in the small intestine and the liver - Metabolites of glyceollins were identified in the plasma, the urine, and the feces Phase I conjugation: Epoxidation, hydroxylation… Phase II conjugation: Sulfate and glucuronide conjugations… | Quadri et al. 2013 [43], Quadri et al. 2014 [44] |