Logo of headpainSpringerOpen.comSubmit OnlineRegisterThis journalThis article

Table 2

Referred pain areas of myofascial trigger points in head and neck–shoulder muscles in children with chronic tension type headache and healthy control children (n = 50)

Children with chronic tension type headache#Healthy controls children
Upper trapeziusDominant side (n = 10)32.5 ± 15.8 (21.8–39.2)Dominant side (n = 0)
Non dominant side (n = 10)28.8 ± 18.1 (18.6–39.1)Non dominant side (n = 0)
SternocleidomastoidDominant side (n = 13)27.1 ± 14.6 (16.1–38.2)Dominant side (n = 1)12.2
Non dominant side (n = 6)29.1 ± 14.9 (19.7–38.5)Non dominant side (n = 0)
TemporalisDominant side (n = 38)32.6 ± 16.9 (26.7–38.6)Dominant side (n = 3)14.6 ± 8.1 (10.1–19.3)
Non dominant side (n = 16)31.1 ± 18.1 (25.4–36.9)Non dominant side (n = 0)
Superficial masseterDominant side (n = 8)22.9 ± 9.3 (14.4–31.5)Dominant side (n = 1)3.4
Non dominant side (n = 5)28.7 ± 12.9 (20.6–36.8)Non dominant side (n = 0)
Superior obliqueDominant side (n = 14)38.2 ± 18.8 (26.9–49.4)Dominant side (n = 4)25.4 ± 9.1 (15.2–35.6)
Non dominant side (n = 15)35.5 ± 14.4 (24.7–46.3)Non dominant side (n = 4)26.6 ± 8.9 (18.5–34.7)
Levator scapulaeDominant side (n = 6)52.0 ± 11.5 (32.4–71.6)Dominant side (n = 0)
Non dominant side (n = 4)55.1 ± 16.6 (29.7–70.4)Non dominant side (n = 2)22.8 ± 6.1 (11.1–36.7)
Suboccipital*Bilateral (n = 10)75.4 ± 18.3 (64.2–86.6)Bilateral (n = 1)16.2
Referred pain areas (arbitrary units) are expressed as means ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval)

#Significant differences between groups (P < 0.001)

* Significant differences with the remaining muscles (P < 0.001)