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Table 1

Participants characteristics.

cLBP patients (n = 20, mean (±SD))Pain-free controls (n = 20, mean (±SD))
Low FOM (n = 10)High FOM (n = 10)Low FOM (n = 10)High FOM (n = 10)Statistical test**
Age42.2 (12.2)36.5 (15.6)36.5 (13.6)27.7 (4.2)ns*
Gender4 females3 females5 females7 femalesns
Ratings HM15.40 (2.7)5.46 (2.1)6.00 (1.98)4.25 (2.18)ns
Rating NM20.84 (0.65)1.71 (1.69)1.67 (1.74)0.78 (0.72)ns
TSK(-G)33.2 (3.9)40.6 (4.5)30.2 (4.1)40.8 (6.0)
STAI state41.3 (4.6)46.1 (3.7)42.3 (3.36)42.9 (4.5)ns
STAI trait40.5 (4.4)45.5 (6.6)41.8 (2.78)43.7 (3.3)ns
FABQ28.7 (16.5)42.2 (26.41)ns
Average pain4.1 (2.0)3.4 (1.8)ns
Max pain6.4 (1.8)5.9 (2.5)ns
Current pain3.4 (2.3)4.15 (2.7)ns
Bournemouth20.2 (11.3)28.4 (13.42)ns
1Harmful movements
2neutral movements
*ns, not significant (p > 0.05)
**see “Subject Recruitment and Questionnaires” Section.
FOM, fear of movement
cLBP, chronic low back pain
TSK(-G), German version of tampa sacle of kinesiophobia
FABQ, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire
.