The Effects of Spinal Manipulation on Oculomotor Control in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot and Feasibility Study

doi:10.3390/brainsci11081047

Table 2

Target task outcome measure results of the study participant’s pre- and post-chiropractic intervention versus active control.

Intervention Significance
Chiropractic Control Group Effect p Value Group by Time Interaction p Value
Outcome n Pre n Post n Pre n Post
Visual target acquisition time (ms) M (SD) 25 ^† 1550.00 (3583.84) 24 ^† 906.63 (1502.63) 25 ^† 981.95 (1437.58) 24 ^† 983.29 (2047.83) 0.23 0.23
Number of distractions M (SD) 10 * 4.20 (2.76) 8 * 2.73 (1.68) 9 * 3.82 (2.75) 7 * 4.46 (3.01) ^ ^

Note: n ^† are participants able to calibrate, n * are participants who exhibited a distractor behaviour. p value significance set at 0.05. ^ = unable to perform group effect or group by time analysis as data was not normally distributed even after attempted data transformation to a normal distribution.

	Intervention								Significance
	Chiropractic				Control				Group Effect p Value	Group by Time Interaction p Value
Outcome	n	Pre	n	Post	n	Pre	n	Post	Group Effect p Value	Group by Time Interaction p Value
Visual target acquisition time (ms) M (SD)	25 ^†	1550.00 (3583.84)	24 ^†	906.63 (1502.63)	25 ^†	981.95 (1437.58)	24 ^†	983.29 (2047.83)	0.23	0.23
Number of distractions M (SD)	10 *	4.20 (2.76)	8 *	2.73 (1.68)	9 *	3.82 (2.75)	7 *	4.46 (3.01)	^	^