Effects of Manual Versus Instrumental Spinal Manipulation on Blood Flow of the Vertebral and Internal Carotid Arteries in Participants With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Single-Blind, Randomized Study

Burcu Kocabey; Dilber Karagözoğlu Coşkunsu; Koray Güven; Mustafa H. Ağaoğlu; Selvi Yüce

doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2022.05.006

Table 1

Physical and Clinical Baseline Characteristics of the Participants

Characteristic MSMMean ± SD ISMMean ± SD P Value
Age (y) 28 ± 6.63 27.4 ± 5.49 .790^a
Sex, n (%) 1^b
Female 11 (73.3) 11 (73.3)
Male 4 (26.7) 4 (26.7)
Smoking, n (%) .153^a
Yes 9 (60) 5 (33.3)
No 6 (40) 10 (66.7)
NPS (0-10) 5.47 ± 1.88 4.60 ± 1.59 .185^a
NDI (%) 17.63 ± 10.91 12.96 ± 7.70 .187^a
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 105.33 ± 9.48 106.53 ± 10.01 .739^a
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 67.47 ± 7.71 69.13 ± 8.56 .580^a
Vessel intimal thickness (mm) 0.53 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.13 .669^a
Active flexion (°) 59.93 ± 6.60 62.07 ± 9.74 .488^a
Passive flexion (°) 68.33 ± 7.45 70.47 ± 8.79 .479^a
Active extension (°) 64 ± 12.73 62.33 ± 8.89 .681^a
Passive extension (°) 67.93 ± 10.43 69.26 ± 8.34 .702^a
Active L: lat. flex. (°) 45.53 ± 9.36 45.33 ± 7.81 .950^a
Passive L: lat. flex. (°) 51.53 ± 8.81 54.60 ± 6.94 .298^a
Active R: lat. flex. (°) 49.13 ± 7.82 46.07 ± 8.29 .306^a
Passive R: lat. flex. (°) 55.33 ± 8.13 53.07 ± 8.91 .473^a
Active L: rotation (°) 71.80 ± 12.89 77.40 ± 8.53 .172^a
Passive L: rotation (°) 80 ± 11.38 84.80 ± 5.86 .157^a
Active R: rotation (°) 75.60 ± 5.85 77.67 ± 6.98 .387^a
Passive R: rotation (°) 82.47 ± 5.40 84.20 ± 5.74 .402^a

ISM, instrumental spinal manipulation; lat. flex., lateral flexion; MSM, manual spinal manipulation; NDI, Neck Disability Index; SD, standard deviation; NPS, numeric pain scale.
^aIndependent samples t test.
^bχ² test.

Characteristic	MSMMean ± SD	ISMMean ± SD	P Value
Age (y)	28 ± 6.63	27.4 ± 5.49	.790^a
Sex, n (%)			1^b
Female	11 (73.3)	11 (73.3)
Male	4 (26.7)	4 (26.7)
Smoking, n (%)			.153^a
Yes	9 (60)	5 (33.3)
No	6 (40)	10 (66.7)
NPS (0-10)	5.47 ± 1.88	4.60 ± 1.59	.185^a
NDI (%)	17.63 ± 10.91	12.96 ± 7.70	.187^a
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	105.33 ± 9.48	106.53 ± 10.01	.739^a
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	67.47 ± 7.71	69.13 ± 8.56	.580^a
Vessel intimal thickness (mm)	0.53 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.13	.669^a
Active flexion (°)	59.93 ± 6.60	62.07 ± 9.74	.488^a
Passive flexion (°)	68.33 ± 7.45	70.47 ± 8.79	.479^a
Active extension (°)	64 ± 12.73	62.33 ± 8.89	.681^a
Passive extension (°)	67.93 ± 10.43	69.26 ± 8.34	.702^a
Active L: lat. flex. (°)	45.53 ± 9.36	45.33 ± 7.81	.950^a
Passive L: lat. flex. (°)	51.53 ± 8.81	54.60 ± 6.94	.298^a
Active R: lat. flex. (°)	49.13 ± 7.82	46.07 ± 8.29	.306^a
Passive R: lat. flex. (°)	55.33 ± 8.13	53.07 ± 8.91	.473^a
Active L: rotation (°)	71.80 ± 12.89	77.40 ± 8.53	.172^a
Passive L: rotation (°)	80 ± 11.38	84.80 ± 5.86	.157^a
Active R: rotation (°)	75.60 ± 5.85	77.67 ± 6.98	.387^a
Passive R: rotation (°)	82.47 ± 5.40	84.20 ± 5.74	.402^a